Write a letter advocating for ARNPs in Florida to have or not to have Essay

Write a letter advocating for ARNPs in Florida to have or not to have the right to prescribe controlled inwardnesss - Essay ExampleTo clarify supercharge the website of Florida Board of Nursing clearly mentions under section FAQ that a nurse practitioner tin cannot prescribe controlled substance. The ARNPs here illegally prescribing controlled substance by forgery of signature of physicians and by using their DEA number.This mixture of exacting behaviour of issuing controlled substance even to the teenagers in our locality by few ARNPs can lead to irreparable loss to society by affecting the health of its members. Excess and uncontrolled loony toons of substance abuse negatively impacts physical and psychological health of an individual and even result to death. This kind of substance abuse has its impact on society also as the individual under substance use often encourage others to take up the same.I will appreciate if you consider the routine reported in the letter. I would like to be sent information on the investigation through with(p) if it does not violate any rules or regulation. For any further information please contact me on (111) 111-1111 or

Philosophy of Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Philosophy of Science - Essay ExampleSecondly, his ideas on scientific imperialism are viewed as being important in the argument against acquaintance. There have been numerous studies showing that the exercise of science in the societal setting has not always been advantageous. In fact, there are around studies that show that scientific legitimacy was used to establish unnecessary and unpopular initiatives on populations.Thirdly, conflicts arise betwixt well- established scientific theories leading to confusion in their interpretation and application. He states that Newtonian perspectives on the fantasy of gravity were rebellious as it went against Galileos beliefs. This shows that science is simply an ideology that society should be protect from (Feyerabend 65). Historians support Feyerabands claims by stating that prominent scientists in the past including Galileo would probably oppose the modern daylight science.In summary, Feyerabend arguments on the concept of science be ing an ideology are true. This is basing on the fact that science is contradictory, inconsistent and is even considered to be harmful against mankind in some

Book Review on the book The Underground Railroad From Slavery To Essay

Book Review on the reserve The surreptitious Railroad From thr wholedom To Freedom (A comprehensive History) by Wilbur H. Siebert - Essay ExampleSieberts narrative is based on a comprehensive research expanding over fifty years. The book is an interesting compilation of various forms of writings much(prenominal) as speeches, letters, biography as well as direct narratives. The rootage begins with a detailed commentary of the various sources - articles in periodicals, contemporaneous documents, and collections of reminiscences - that have been used to write this book. As many locals were aiding the escape of slaves, the author chronicles the events that led to the draft of the Fugitive Slave Law in 1793, by which profit of process slaves escape was stated as an offence. This high level of ill-treatment resulted in the deep desire among the slaves to attain freedom. At this time, they similarly began to hear more or less the favorable condition in Canada. Soon, the Undergrou nd Railroad system began to develop in Ohio, Iowa and Illinois. The author further talks about the abduction of slaves from the south and how the local wad assisted in helping the slaves escape and lead a better life in a place where they have large freedom. The operations of the Underground Railroad were also done through innovative ways like midnight service and the passing on of cryptic messages.Slaves hid in hiding places and resorted to disguises. Committees of vigilance were formed in places like capital of Massachusetts and Philadelphia and supplies for passengers were also arranged. The Underground Railroad soon became a much formalized process as people took up the responsibilities of being the Underground Agents, Station Keepersor conductors. Here, the author also gives credit to those who stepped forward as Underground helpers and commends the efforts of people like Gerrit Smith and Elijah P. Lovejoy, Seth Concklin, Charles T. Torrey, Calvin Fairbank and so on. As Canad a was considered to be the safest haven for the escaped slaves, author moves on to chronicle the life of colored people in Canada, where the refugees had better circumstances than what they have undergone.The natives in Canada were receptive and open to these refugees and welcomed them to share their land and resources. To give this compilation a comprehensive view, the author brings into light, the concepts of defense of jury, arrest without legal process and the penalties for aiding the fugitives. The author tracks the subject of Underground Railroads in terms of political aspects by looking at the rules of extradition, the demand for slave laws, slave agitation, anti-slavery movement and so on. The proclamation of emancipation of slaves as well as the repeal of the anti-slavery laws is also discussed in detail. In the end, the writer proceeds to unearth facts about the loss faced by the slave owners, the census reports on the fugitive slaves, the fugitive slave controversy, and how all this led to the Civil War that ultimately to the abolition of slavery in the United States of America. It presents a moving account of the slaves lives and conditions and elucidates the struggles and the vigour with which the Underground Rail was used during the highly politically volatile environment of the times. The book is therefore a useful documentary on the growth and spread of the freedom spirit among the slaves and meticulously details the antecedent conditions that led to the great Civil War. THE ABOVE SECTION IS SUMMARY AND IS 501 WORDS OR 2 PAGES THIS SECTION BELOW IS INCLUDED IN YOUR INSTRUCTIONS Criticize or comment on each of the following about the book Organization The book is organized into 11chapters with each chapter dealing with a critical aspect of the Underground Railroad. The book has been organized with clarity, fit in to chronology as well as according to particular context. For example, the author

MODERN JEWISH HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MODERN JEWISH HISTORY - Essay ExampleAs a result, the item-by-items are likely to be converted, marry or get married and get unspoiled recognition into the said community as the process reaches advanced stages. However, in the case of the Jews, on that point commence been historical issues that have surrounded their assimilation because of the various injustices they had to face. In the light of this observation, this radical will find the various issues that led Jews to assimilation in order to shield themselves from persecutions given their minority status historically. The paper will be two phased with the first section discussing the assimilation process in the east and west, the fleck part will look at the case of assimilation in Poland. Assimilation in the eastern and West One of the great influences of the Jewish community in these regions was the impact of religious bearing between Judaism and the other religions For instance, the inferior nature of the community tha t practices Judaism as compared to their Christian counterparts is assumed to be a fact. As a result, the people who may be living in other nations may not be considered to belong because of the difference in culture or some mutual obligations that bind the group together. On the other hand, the assimilated groups in other nations may tend to treat their Jewish status as an plethora and therefore a non issue in the process of integration. As many people accepted these stereotypes, there were continued calls for assimilation into Christianity since it provided a good opportunity of the development of personal goals. In effect, Christianity therefore remained the paramount religion in such regions. Moreover, the desire to assimilate and become terminal Jews was popular because of the younger generations who were defenceless to stigma and exclusion in the society. Through this, being a Jew was becoming meaningless in the eastern and western societies. Anybody with that identity was c onsidered an outsider and therefore the hastening of the assimilation process for fear of being abandoned or even persecuted. This in effect created a condition where the Jews in the regions dominated by other religions line up and re-align their faith and integrate with the others. As a result, there came liberal Judaism that seemed to have done away with the unmitigated requirements of the Jewish law including all the theological guidelines and other religious beliefs and practices. By arguing that inclusiveness is the main hindquarters of Judaism, those in support for assimilation therefore were inclined towards the morals of prophetic Judaism. The Jewish intellectuals stressed individual moral independence, rational conduct and inclusiveness. Consequently, this idea became popular and gave rise to a Judeo-Christian ethic betterment in most of the regions of the western nations. Christians were comfortable with this approach because they were trying to reconnect to their eth ics that emerged from the prophetic teachings of biblical Judaism. They besides wanted to claim the legitimacy of Christianity as the designated owner of the Judaism as practiced in the biblical Israel. On the other hand, the Jews supported this because they wanted to demonstrate that in terms of ethics, they were similar to Christians and hence were supportive of them. In America, as opposed to Europe, Jews were not bothered with having to fight for their basic civil and human rights. Jewish ethics as fought

Leaking waste containers ( ethics ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leaking waste containers ( ethics ) - Essay ExampleAs a result the methods adopted by tom turkey Treehorn, could very well result in problems for the alphabet friendship. environmental agencies are very much particular about the methods, which are adopted by the companies in tendency of the chemic substance wastes and they take tough action against erring companies. and then Scott should warn gobbler that if he does non get the company ethics and rules of waste disposal, the matter could be brought to the nonice of his superiors, since it could adversely affect the interests of ABC Company. 2. Should Scott inform gobbler that he will not arbitrate with Toms plan? however he will not help him with it either. Answer Scott very well knows that Tom is really not serious about preventing environmental problems that will be caused by ABC, if chemical wastes are not abandoned properly and is only looking at ways by his workload is lessened and as well as determination ways to profit him. Scott being the Engineer of ABC and being given the responsibility of inspecting the warehouse, should neer chalk up to Toms plan because it will affect his company. Being an employee to the ABC Company he would be taking the wrong decision by allowing Tom to dispose the chemical waste, by adopting his own epoch tested ways, which are very much against the rules, set by the Environmental Protection Agency. Thus Scot should never tell Tom that, he will not interfere with his way of disposing the chemical waste nor should he be given the assurance that Scott will not interfere in such matters. 3. Should Scot advise Tom not to go ahead with his plan? But not interfere if Tom insists on going away ahead anyway? Answer Scott being the Engineer of the ABC Company has got the authority to tell Tom regarding the best methods, which are to be adopted by companies in dealing with the disposal of the chemical wastes. Since it is a very serious matter that can undermine the ABC Companys interest, prox and also at the same time result in severe forms of penalties from the Environmental Protection Agency and solution of the company operations, he should really advise Tom not to go ahead with his plan for the chemical waste disposal. Even after all this advise being given by Scott to Tom to follow the company norms, Tom still insists in going ahead with his plans of the chemical waste disposal, then Scott has to interfere and inform Toms superior and also the top management of the ABC company, since this could in the future become a serious issue for ABC. 4. Should Scott say nothing and help Tom with his plan? And wherefore? Answer If Scot says nothing to Toms stated plans for the chemical waste disposal of the ABC Company and allows him to go forward as per his own plan, then it will show that Scott is not a cracking employee of ABC. Scott being the Engineer is being entrusted with the duty of the warehouse inspection and to find out defects that are an imated within it and take corrective actions to rectify the faults. If he decides to agree to Toms plans, then he will be endangering not only his employment as Engineer within ABC moreover also the whole companys future, since if the Environmental Protection Agency comes to know the illegal methods of chemical waste disposal adopted by Tom, then they could take severe action against the ABC Company. Hence Scott should not help Tom in going ahead with his plans but has to strictly warn Tom regarding the future adverse impacts, which his

No particular topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

No particular topic - Essay Exampleersight Service (IOS) was forced in 2001 so as to rectify not only the traffic pattern of governance but also the practice of sexual control and risk management (UNESCO, 2015d). Therefore, aside from forming the Internal Audit branch, the IOS is also composed of two (2) other branches such as the Investigation and the military rank (UNESCO, 2015d).In general, UNESCOs Internal Audit aims to mend its main operations by creating a systematic approach in improving the specialty of objectives (i.e. governance, internal control, and risk management) (UNESCO, 2015e) whereas the Investigation branch aims to investigate any conflict or any misconduct or violation of laws such as fraud and corruption that arises in different departments (UNESCO, 2015f). The main purpose of creating the Evaluation Section (EVS) is to ensure that the organization will be able to come up with a some(prenominal) better policy development (UNESCO, 2015g). Often times, imp rovements in evaluation practices can be done by implementing strict accountability and transparency as well as creating new strategies on how to effectively improve the existing evaluation and management practices (UNESCO, 2015g).effectiveness, impact, and sustainability (Parsons, 2007, p. 8). In relation to the UNESCO evaluation criteria, this essay seeks to judge its impact on how to reduce the habit of smoking. As part of going through the main discussion, the describe policy drivers behind the anti-smoking policy will be first identified followed by critically evaluating its effectiveness in terms of meeting the goal of reducing peoples smoking habit. Eventually, the effectiveness of the describe policy drivers will be criticized not only in spite of appearance the local but also within the national and international level.The concept of policy development is all about being able to create evidenced-based recommendations that can be used as a guide in educating people throu gh health

Video games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video games - Essay ExampleThis work aims to argue that by allowing much room for more lesson independent decision-making and by effectively incorporating the element of social reward, it is possible to utilize video games to change children to make moral decisions in various contexts and also to make them aware(p) about the implications of both moral and immoral decisions. The first point this work will address is the fact that video games are advantageously diametric from other art forms in the fact that it is highly interactive. The second main point to be elaborated is the role of social reward, social conformity, and social learning in making decisions in the veritable society. The last point will elaborate on how to incorporate these elements in video games in high society to make children aware about morality and its implications through video games.This topic is highly relevant in the present situation where social thinkers, police forces and parents are busy, blindly accusing video games for the fall in morality among children. This research will describe how video games are close to real life and different from other forms of art. In addition, the work will show how this interactive nature of video games can be utilized to develop moral thinking instead of destroying the same. Moreover, the study can make the reader aware about the various elements which influence the decision-making in real life. This is a difficult research to accomplish because it ask to compile information from various subject areas, ranging from gaming industry, decision-making, development of morality, social reward, social conformity, and social learning.From a reading of various scholarly articles on the subject, it becomes evident that scholars have already started accepting video games as different from other forms of art, and a few have in fact claimed that video games can be utilized to teach

The UK Motor Insurance Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The UK Motor Insurance Industry - Essay ExampleThe experience few years have seen the major insurers cut costs and attempt to consolidate their market place treat with a wave of mergers and take-overs. The current state of the industry is marked by competition. The future bequeath be driven by innovation, and will benefit the UK consumer.The private motor underwriting result deteriorated in 2005, as the market returned a loss of 232 million. The private motor underwriting loss has been increasing since 2001 when it approached the break-even mark with a loss of save 86 and the market has not made a profit since 1994. This has resulted in the consolidation of the industry as smaller insurers find it more difficult to compete. In both private and commercial motor insurers, the kick the bucket 20 companies are responsible for over 95% of the business (The connexion of British Insurers 2007). This trend is possible to continue as smaller companies continue to stand losses and are forced to merge, consolidate, or innovate.The net income has offered brokers a new low cost outlet to offer competitive rates to consumers. According to leeward Mo unmatchabley, Admiral motor product group manager says, The Internet is growing in importance as a medium because of the savings it can offer big insurers(Lorenz 2002 p.12). The obvious success of direct damages companies prompted traditional amends players to set up their own distinct direct amends brands. It is forecast that by the end of 2007, 20% of the motor insurance will be sold over the Internet (The Association of British Insurers 2007). The development of websites and of broadband Internet access is likely to lead to more integrated insurance purchasing, as consumers research the Web and then choose a direct supplier either online or through a retail outlet (The Association of British Insurers 2007).One of the driving forces behind the pick out to deject costs through direct marketing has been the increase d cost of servicing claims. The nature on motor insurance is such that the client is paying a fee now for a service to be rendered in the future (Abdelhamid 2005 p.214). Fluctuations in claims due to inflation and rising repair rates may exceed the premium value. This has forced insurers to become dependent on the value of the return on the invested premiums. When coronation value drops, this places the insurer in jeopardy of taking a loss on the claim. This has had the effect of promoting lower cost Internet and call centre based sales activities. As direct marketing companies grow they also look to differentiate their products. In 2005, Admiral launched MultiCar. Drivers who have 2 or more cars in their household could get a discount of up to 23% on their motor car insurance (Cheap Car Insurance). Norwich, a division of Aviva since its merger with CGU in 2000, offers the pay as you drive program. They offer a black box telemetry system that bills you for the miles you drive (C ould pay-as-you-drive insurance work 2004). Innovations in service and pricing will continue to drive the industry.Norwich Union, the largest automobile insurer in the Great Britain, has set up its own checkup clinic to treat victims of car accidents involving its policyholders. They have their own clinics, doctors and therapists that treat people making claims. It quickens recovery, cuts costs, and limits the potential of future litigation. This is one more innovation that is driving the motor insurance industry. Motor insurance has gone through a revolution

THE ENGLISH LAW OF TORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

THE ENGLISH LAW OF TORT - Essay exerciseThis was demonstrated in the case of Best v Samuel Fox & Co Ltd 1 in which a wife attempted to sue her husbands employers for his inability to have intercourse with her, due to an shot at work that had left him emasculated. The claim failed on the basis that the claimant had no proprietary right everywhere her husband, and therefrom no injuria had been suffered by the claimant.In contrast, however, it is possible for a claim to be brought where no ruin has been suffered. This could occur in the case of the tort of trespass and libel. Merely entering onto the land of another without their try for great deal be actionable, even of the trespasser causes no damage to the land. Likewise, with libel, the publication of the libel can dissolving agent in an action being brought by the claimant, without requiring the claimant to prove that any loss was suffered as a precede of the wrong.In order to prove that the injuria has caused the damnum i t is not necessary to prove the intent of the person causing the harm. all the same when intent can be proven, the court can determine that the action of the defendant is not illegal, and therefore not actionable. This was determined in The Mayor of Bradford (Bradford Corporation) v Pickles (1895)2 , in which the defendant placed a head on his land, knowing that this would interrupt the water supply of the town and discolour it. Although in this case the actor of the defendant was malicious, the court ruled that his actions were legal as he was entitled to do whatever he liked on his own land3. Conversely, in Wilkinson v Downton (1897)4, the claimant successfully claimed damages, despite the fact that the harm was caused as a result of a joke, and the defendant lacked any intention to cause harm to the claimant.Intention can be of relevance in bringing a claim in cases of malicious prosecution5, falsehood6, or defamation7 as well as in claims for nuisance. One such case where nui sance was established as actionable was

Evaluate the main Problems Associated with Using Plastic Bags Essay

Evaluate the main Problems Associated with Using pliant Bags - Essay ExampleAs the report stresses in India non-biodegradable bags result in long-lasting lot at landfill sites. This is especially dangerous to wildlife away from atomic number 18as of human population. Collecting plastic bags is non profitable for waste pickers in India, and this take ups to plastic bags continuing to create a major threat to the environment. As a consequence the embellish of India is dominated by litter from plastic bags. Presently, plastic accounts for an estimated 10 percent of generated waste.This paper discusses that some of the litter that does not end up in landfills results in blocked drains and choked soil. Plastic bags are unhorse and so they lead to blocked drains which results in water logging and nuisance to citizens. They can also lead to choked soil because they are non-porous, and do not permit the free flow of water and air, thusly causing plants to choke. The rotting waste from pits generates methane. The toxins present are dissolved, permeates the soil and pollutes groundwater during monsoon rains. Plastic bags are photo-degradable instead of bio-degradable which subject matter that they break down into small toxic bits. This results in the contamination of the ground and waterways. This becomes a heath profess to humans, animals, marine life and plant life. Suffocation as a result of plastic bag is not uncommon, especially in Malaysia. There have been accidental deaths, both among small children who play with shopping bags and adolescents who are solvent abusers. There have been instances of homicide cases, and the victims are invariably infants or adults who are frail or terminally ill and are not able to struggle or show resistance (Perez-Martinez et al 1993). come to on plants, animal and marine life In India dumping grounds are filled, levelled off and born-again into parks. Owing to the fact that the soil was predominantly plastic bags, the tr ees were not able to anchor firmly into the ground. The works is destroyed due to the uprooting of trees from the high velocity winds that blow over the city during the

Social Performance of National Football League(NFL) Research Paper

Social Performance of National football League(NFL) - Research Paper ExampleFinally, in the end, a single elimination game is organized surrounded by the group winners of AFC and NFC. This culmination of the two group champions is known as the tiptop Bowl. The ultimate winner from the Super Bowl is awarded the Vince Lombardi Trophy. Other awards and accolades atomic number 18 given to the coaches and individual players for their exceptional performance that help a group to win. Most of the games argon scheduled on the Sunday afternoons to attract more viewers. During the normal season, some games are planned on other week days like Thursdays and Mondays. The corporate structure of NFL is interesting to study. The coalition office of NFL is not constrained by income tax, as this unincorporated association earns no profit. However, the individual teams are subject to income tax because individually the teams generate profit. So NFL is like a trade association that is financed by i ts member teams. The league is mainly operated by the commissioner, treasurer and secretary. The conferences are headed by the chairman. An election is conducted to elect the commissioner and the president (August, n.d.).The prevailing weather condition is one of the key factors that affect the league externally. Sometimes the temperature can go below the normal expected temperature. This may negatively affect the league. Matches may get cancelled collectable to bad weather conditions, as in an extremely chilly weather it becomes difficult for the players to perform. It is also compulsory to enhance the game experience for the fans. Initiatives should be taken by the league committee to conduct the games in indoor stadiums in case of adverse weather conditions. There has to be uniformity in the games so that unfair advantage is not given to any of the teams i.e. indoor facilities should be ensured for every match and not for particular matches as the external environment is vital for the teams performance. Bad weather

Digital Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Digital line of credit - Assignment Examplethe businesss life-cycle, though it may comprise a spaciousr array of proficiency such as e-mail, cellular procedure, societal medium, and hand rigs as well.Digital trade is typically considered to be the business aspect of e-business. It potentiometer comprise of the switch of data to facilitate the advancing and recompense aspects of industry relations. This is an proficient and competent demeanor of associating within an organization and one of the utmost valuable and using upful ways of conducting trade.If you have a maculation store, you are limited by the geographical zone that you can serve. With an ecommerce location, the whole world is your playing arena. Additionally, the inflow of mcommerce, i.e., ecommerce on mobile phone appliances, has scattered every remaining control of geography (Safko and Brake, 2012).Physical skill is containn by brand and relations. In addition to these two compounds, online trade is also motivat ed by passage from exploration implements. It is not peculiar for consumers to track a connection in exploration mechanism consequences, and resolve on an electronic trade site that the people have not learnt of. This extra summate of traffic can be the tip plug for some ecommerce businesses (Safko and Brake, 2012). .In this venture we wish to set up an e Commerce website that will be involved in the renting or hiring of cars. The website in mind is similar to zipcar.com. This venture involves putting up cars around the busy areas of life for example obtain malls and Airports. The rationale behind the venture is as follows. First and foremost it is cheaper than buying a car. Secondly it is more convenient to have a car waiting for you where you land than having it shipped to you in the case of travelers. It is convenient to use since you are going to be responsible for the car only when you have it. You have a wide selection of cars to choose from meaning you are not limited wit h only the ones present in your drive way. I chose the ecommerce platform to

The effects of retail channel integration through the use of Essay

The do of retail driveway desegregation through the enforce of information technologies on Firm proceeding - Essay ExampleThe expression The effects of retail channel integration through the use of information technologies on Firm implementation gives a vivid insight into the strategy that can be occupyed to integrate activities across ten-fold channels. This resolution lies in the use of information technology, a solution that offers a promising opportunity for just about of the retail firms. This is because it is directed towards the enhancement of the relationship that exists between them and their customers. This is, in addition to improving the performance, of the firm in virtually all sectors. This can be tied to the fact that the goal of most firms is to improve masss lives through their renovations and products. This is, in addition to, making profits that can enable them bear in the market for a long time. Throughout the obligate, the authors have focused on t he constructive effects of information technology just to encourage those who are not into it to try out. They base this on the fact that by integrating both traditional and contemporary Channels within the retail industries efficiency and integration is improved. These effects, in one way or another, function to the act of the firm as well as customers who are among the key stake holders in any given firm. Another fact is that environment has a role to play because its dynamism is a sure moderating factor of the effects brought about by competence and modernization. All these attributes are aimed at inciting firms to employ this technique in both the retail and service sectors especially to those firms that have both physical and online operation. (Khosrowpou, 2006). Critique of bind In the modern world of business, at that place has been increased shift towards the creation of positive environment that enhances productivity and efficiency. Thus, why many firms resolve to employ CRM software to provide a dependable platform for both customers and firms. This, in part, corresponds to the message in the article discussed. However, even though there is the persistence of adoption of technology, it should be noted that it is not for all companies to use it for some use excel and outlook in a stationary surroundings to uphold their information. In such a company, high technology such as use of CRM software is undoubtedly inappropriate. Therefore, the article has not emphasized on what companies are eligible to this high technology, for this is most prominent in increase businesses who are obliged to manage customers information with reliable software especially in the constantly changing business environment (Sambumurthy, 2003). However, the article has a valuable message concerning the ways in which businesses can manage change. This is because the modern day organizations have become complex, uncertain and more unpredictable, and, therefore, invention of way s of overcoming these challenges. Therefore, the advent of globalization demands that companies keep themselves up-to-date either through the latest technology or heed fad (Lin-Bin et al, 2010). This vertical integration has numerous effects on the factors that lead to firms performance such as increasing firm size and reducing uncertainty. However, it has also its own

Status Consumption as a Factor in Product Demand Research Paper

Status Consumption as a Factor in Product Demand - Research Paper ExampleEvolutionary economists contend that the current office of stinting systems has been largely driven by growth of cognition over time (Loasby 135). Choice, which has been a factor in retail economics, is therefore not so much about preference, but a function of knowledge and rules controlling the knowledge itself. As such, preferences are just but a subset of the knowledge-controlled rules. Noteworthy, rules and knowledge in consumer phthisis, impertinent the conventional idea of preferences, are imperfect. Thus, the consumers are ever in a decisional trap of knowledge of what to motivation a trap that often leads to coerced consumption (Earl and Potts 626).Generally, there are two preconditions that must hold for consumption to be considered status consumption. First, there must be a sense of belonging, often referred to as tier of commonality concerning relative desirability of standstill with certain prod ucts or brands. Secondly, consumption of such products or association with such brands must be socially visible, that is, openly displayed (Deaton 34). In other words, status consumption follows manifestation effects. Social visibility is particularly essential because of the moral hazard effect related to socially non-visible commodities. Consumers begin incentives to amplify their consumption with the intention of gaining positions in social settings. For those that show their consumption patterns externally (self-reporting), individuals concern with status is one factor that has been identified to motivate such actions.

Competeing internationally Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Competeing internationally - Essay ExampleOn the another(prenominal)(prenominal) hand, the global strategy is also applied by the company. The approach entails a centralized decision-making process, the sale of regularise products and the differentiation of products. The centralization of value chain areas in the strategy helps the company to enjoy economies of scale as only a few value chain areas are used by the enterprise. Moreover, the method entails the schooling of reliable logistics to ensure that the supply chain collaborates the needs of the consumers before the competitors can get to them. The multi-domestic strategy is another approach that is rapidly used by the company (Hill & Jones, 2014). The approach entails the decentralization of decision-making in the particular surface area of operation once the products have been supplied. The decentralization enables the company to respond to issues that the clients may raise about the product. It is much(prenominal) respo nses and interaction with the nodes that has allowed Apple to gain an edge over its competitors by building a strong customer base in sales and delivery and customer service (Halikias & Salavou, 2014).The most suitable method among the ones elect by the company is the multi-domestic strategy. The strategy enables the company to handle the issues that come from the specific market of location and thus is better off compared to any of the other strategies. Also, the strategy helps the company to be in constant involvement with the target market hence it is easy to respond to issues that may arise. It is also possible to modify the products to meet the needs of the specific target market depending on their needs (Halikias & Salavou,

Whirlpool Leadership Approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Whirlpool leadership Approach - audition Exampleattracting and retaining endowment the achievement of this target would help to improve the performance of the firms finance sector, which is a key part of the organization. In 2006, a strategic computer programme was introduced for supporting the recruitment and suppuration of talent across the organization, especially in the firms finance department the specific plan was mainly based on the firms existing leadership speak toes, as explained below.The leadership approach employ for increasing the performance of Whirlpool, mostly through the improvement of the organizations existing strategies for recruiting and retaining talent in the finance department, can be characterized as transformational since it is highly based on the participation of the employees in the sure-fire implementation of the relevant plan (Stadtler, Schmitt, Klarner and Straub 45). The specific approach has been combined with the Six Sigma model, which has h elped to focus on the organizations weaknesses and to cover most severe organizational gaps.One of the most emergent organizational needs that the firms leader had to face was the lack of effective strategy for the development and the provision of employees in finance department. The organizations CFO decided to introduce a series of changes focal point on building organizational capabilities, processes, and talent (Frigo, Rapp and Templin 30). However, the above strategy would be successful only if it was cautiously planned and monitored. In order for the strategys success to be secured, the following practice was used emphasis was given on three different areas, technical capabilities, career development and leadership (Frigo, Rapp and Templin 30). Leadership has been considered as the most important part of the relevant project mostly because of the following issue the successful update of the firms existing practices in regard to the recruitment, the development and the reten tion of talent has been depended, as

Employment contract Essay Example for Free

usance contract EssayTo raise a un powerfuleousness at depart the first step would be to talk to your name handler, explain the situation and see if the problem can be solved in establishedly. If, however, the grievance cannot be resolved informally then the issue can be elevated formally utilize the succeeding(a) surgical processStage 1Employees may request in committal to writing a formal equiping with the melodic line managing director to state the grievance. Where the issue involves the line manager, this request should be made to the managers manager ( atomic number 18a manager). Grievances should be made as soon as possible and in any(prenominal) event within 3 months of the issue complained ab bulge appear taking place. A hearing will be arranged, normally within 10 working days, for the employee to discuss the issue with the manager. A decision will be made once the reckon has been fully investigated and the manager will communicate their response in w riting within 5 working days. This should include details of the employees right to appeal.Stage 2If the employee is dissatisfied with the decision then they have received in arrange 1 then they can institute their grievance further and request in writing a formal meeting under re-create 2 of the grievance procedure. This will be conducted by a manager other than the manager that carried out the dot 1 meeting. The employee will receive the decision of this hearing in writing within 5 working days.Stage 3If the employee is still dissatisfied with the decision then they may appeal in writing to the Chief Executive of the Trust within 10 working days of receipt of the fix up 2 decision. A further meeting will take place and the decision will be confirmed in writing within 5 working days of the hearing. The decision at stage 3 of the procedure is final, in so far as the Trusts internal procedures are come to.Bv1. Data security measuresAll confidential information should be kept s ecure by employees in order to cherish customers and their families. Confidential information (e.g. customer agree plans, support notes and medication administration forms) mustiness not be left in a place where non-authorised individuals may view it. Data should not be passed on to anyone without the consent of the customer or their next of kin.2. GrievanceAny grievances should be reported to the line manager to try to resolve the issue informally. If, however, it is not resolved at this level then there is a grievance procedure in place which enables employees to pursue the matter formally.3. Conflict ManagementIf employees have a problem with another member of supply and it cannot be resolved amongst themselves then they should contact their line manager for assistance with resolving the issue. If the conflict involves the line manager or if the employee feels that they are not receiving sufficient support then they should report to the area manager.4. Anti-discriminatory Pr acticeAll employees are expected to act with lordliness and respect towards each persons individual beliefs and identity. Customers, accessing Oaklea supervise and support assistances, should not be hardened less favourably based on their age, sex, disability, race, religion or belief, sexual orientation, marital status or pregnancy/maternity or gender.5. wellness SafetyAll employees have personal responsibility in ensuring their own and others wellness, safety, and welfare at work. We are required to read and apply organisational policies and procedures regarding health and safety, undertake required training, wear personal protective equipment (PPE) provided, use safety equipment and safety devices where required and report any uncivilised conditions to the line manager or Health and Safety Officer.6. ConfidentialityAll information concerning customers and/or their families must be treatedwith the upmost respect and all employees have an obligation to protect this informa tion. Confidential information must not be disclosed to a third party either formally or informally (gossip). The sharing of information may be necessary for continuation of unassailable sell and support of customers (e.g. between other employees or professions). If employees are asked to disclose information about a customer and are concerned that doing so may breach confidentiality then clarification should be sought via the line manager.7. Whistle blowingIf employees privation to raise concern about a happen, mal entrust or wrongdoing that affects others such as customers, other staff members, the company or the public then the companys whistleblowing procedure should be followed. The first stage of this procedure would be to raise concerns with the employees line manager either in writing or done a meeting. If the issue involves the line manager or if the employee has already raised their emailprotected ?Uconcerns with the line manager and feel that they have not been adequ ately addressed then the second stage of the procedure should be followed. At this stage, issues may be raised either in writing or through a meeting with a Director. If stage 2 has been undertaken and the employees concerns are unresolved or if they feel that the matter is so serious that it should be investigated by the Chief Executive immediately then concerns should be raised either in writing or via a meeting. Any employee raising concerns under the whistleblowing procedure has the right to remain anonymous.BviAs a Community Home Carer, my role is to provide individualized care and support to people with social care needs so that they may continue to live in their homes and in the community. A care plan is in place for each customer that explains their specific needs and what care they require from us. My duties/responsibilities may include Assisting customers with washing, bathing, personal hygiene, dressing, toileting, continence and catheter care. Meal and drink preparation and jock with ply where necessary.Helping customers to comply with their prescribed medication and fill out Medication Administration Records (MAR). Supporting customerswith cleaning, laundry, obtain and other household duties as required. Helping customers with mobility skills, transferring them safely where required (e.g. from bed to chair) and helping them to use back up and personal equipment. Providing end of life care.Documenting the care given at each visit in the workaday Support Notes (DSN). Liaising with other carers and health care professionals to ensure continuity of care.By carrying out these duties to a postgraduate standard and conforming to all policies, procedures and guidelines, customers will receive a quality do that will help them to maintain as much independence as possible in a safe environs within their own homes. The safeguarding carried out by carers is essential in protecting the health, wellbeing and human rights of insecure adults, and ensures that they live free from harm, abuse and neglect. It is our duty to report any safeguarding concerns to the appropriate person(s) so that action may be taken to protect the wellbeing of service users.Bviia) Following best practice within my work role helps to safeguard vulnerable adults living in the community and ensures that they receive a quality service that promotes health and wellbeing. It is great that I stay within my job role, follow policies and procedures, keep up to get word with changes in policies and legislation and keep up to date with training to develop my skills in the workplace. It is also important to work as part of a squad, passing on skills where necessary (e.g. to new staff members) and gaining feedback from colleagues. in effect(p) communication skills are essential between team members and other professions involved in the care of the service user as this enables continuity of care.b) Failing to carry out the requirements of my role by not following po licies, procedures and legislation and not complying with regulatory bodies endangers the health and wellbeing of service users and may put other team members at jeopardize. Not following manual of arms handling procedures, for example, would put me and the service user at risk of injury and not wearing personal protective equipmentwhen necessary may put me and others at risk of infection. Poor practice may also result in complaints from service users, disciplinary action and in severe cases it may lead to me losing my job, being prosecuted and/or prevented from working in the health and social care setting.BviiiAs a Community Home Carer I must follow best practice within my work role and work to the company policies and procedures that mirror laws and legislation. There are also external factors which govern the standards that I must adhere to in my work such as the Care Quality committal (CQC) essential standards, Skills for Cares Common Induction Standards (CIS) which are the standards people working in health social care need to meet before they can safely work unsupervised (e.g. manual handling, first aid, health and safety training), the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) codes of practice and ADASS Safeguarding Adults A National Framework of Standards for good practice and outcomes in adult protection work, which sets out a framework of best practice standards. Government initiatives also have an influence on the roles of carers such as Our Care, Our Health Our Say which sets out policy goals to make health and social care services that are designed around the unhurried rather than the needs of the patient being forced to fit around the service already provided. position People First also aims for a personalised approach to the delivery of adult social care.Bixa) ii different representative bodies which influence my area of work are the care quality commission and the health and care professions council. b) The role of the care quality com mission (CQC) is to regulate, inspect and review all adult health and social care services in the public, private and voluntary sectors in England and make sure that they are meeting national standards. These services include hospitals, care homes, GPs, dentists and services in the home (e.g. home carers).The Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) are a regulatory body set up to protect the public by keeping a register of health and care professionals that meet their standards for training, professional skills, behaviour and health. If professionals failto meet these standards then they may be removed from the register and prevented from practicing. The HCPC replaced the General Social Care Council (GSCC) which was abolished in 2012.

Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Fast Food searchMost of people prefer to eat turbulent food such as hamburgers, fried chicken, shawarma or pizza and they dont live on that this food will lead them to many health diseases. The main reason of alimentation prodigal food that many people be working long hours, shifts, or ex raceed take hours and this will result in less time being available for cooking. The purpose of this essay is to cover three effects of fast food have which are the obesity, the loss of the family tradition of eating unitedly and the cost of doing it. The first effect of fast food is that it causes obesity. People when they eat too much fast food will be more than able to obtain fat as a result, it will lead to more dangerous diseases, for example, high cholesterol, heart attack and high blood pressure.Also, teenagers who are acquit from overweight, they are mostly loss confident of themselves, like to be alone all the time and they are more obvious to have depression, Fatigue and P hysical illnesses. The second effect of fast food eating is that it is making people isolated from the society. Sitting around the table with the family allows to share about their day and for parents to know more about their children. So, people when eating in the eating place and spend most of their time outside(a) consequently, they are more likely to drink alcohol, smoke cigarette and try marijuana. The third effect of eating fast food is that it will eventually result in kills our personal budget.Fast food restaurant make their food taste good by add sugary substances. This also makes you want to precipitate back, spending more money on food than necessary. These are three out of many separate effects that fast food can have however, to any sensible person they are more than enough to realize that fast food is bad. People cannot proud of being fat. It is terrible for health as well as personal appearance. In the end, those people who eat fast food are tend to be overweight, less time with family and live in poverty. Therefore, you should reduce eating too much of fast food.

Process for Implemenation of Supplier Development Strategy Essay Example for Free

Process for Implemenation of Supplier Development strategy EssayIntroductionSupply chain eliminatement adopts a g everywherenanceatic and integrative approach to manage the operation and family relationship amongst different parties in supply chain one of the major issues is supplier training studies have investigated how quality anxiety can be employer in supply chain management to enamour performance in the whole supply network. (Mishra Rik, Patel G-Supplier Development Strategies, Data employment Analysis Business newsworthiness Journal, January 2010 vol 3 No.1)There are 8 stages of implementation of supplier phylogeny2.1 Identify comminuted commodities for victimisationManagers must analyse their situation to determine whether Supplier development is important and if so which purchased commodities and services ingest the most attention. A corporate level executive steering committee must assess the germane(predicate) strategic importance of all goods and serv ices that the company buys and produce a portfolio of critical commodities2.2 Identify critical suppliers for developmentThe managers must assess the performance of suppliers who supply commodities in the strategic supplier category. These commodities considered strategically important, as they might be difficult to substitute or purchase from alternative suppliers.2.3 Form a cross-functional teamA v destinationee must for the first time develop internal cross-functional consensus for the initiative before approaching the supplies to ask for improvement such consensus will help to show a unified front and stop that all vendee functions.2.4 Meet with suppliers top management teamThe purchasers cross functional commodity team must approach the suppliers top management group and establish three keys to supplier improvement, strategic alignment, supplier measurement and professionalism.5 Identify opportunities and opportunity for improvementAt these meetings with the suppliers ex ecutive should identify areas earmarked for improvement. Companies adopting a strategic approach to supply base development can usually agree upon areas or improvement .In some areas driven by final customer requirements and expectations.2.6 Identify key projectsAfter identifying promising opportunities of supplier development managers must evaluate them in hurt of feasibility, resource and time requirements and potential return on investments. The aim is to decide what the goals should be and whether they are achievable.2.7 correct details of the agreementAfter the potential improvement project is identified, the parties need to agree on precise merthies for monitoring its success.2.8 Monitor status and modify strategiesManages must constantly monitor the progress and constantly toss over information to maintain momentum in the project. (http//www.ethenmanagementor.com.kuniverser/kmailer_universe/manu_kmailers/som-supplierdev1.htm. Accessed 15/09/2011)Different types Supply C hain relationships Trans put throughal Collaborative adhesion Relationships relationships relationships Communication naughty potential for problems Systematic approach to enhance communication Competitive Low High advantage In dependency Connectedness petite Interdependence ContinuousFew improvement A taper on Contributions to new product Low Many/early supplier development Short matter Reactive Difficult/high impact Difficulty of exit Price Long Duration Little or none Proactive Expediting Low Total cost Focus High or come up aim of integration Many High Level of trust No Number of Incoming superintendence suppliers Inward looking One or few Open books Yes Quality Design quality into system Relations Concern with each others Few/low skill level benefit Resources Minimal Professional Service No Greatly improved Sharedforecasts Possible Yes Supply disruptions No Unlikely Technology inflows Tactical Yes Type of interaction Strat egic synergy (Handfield RB Monczka RM Giunipero LC Patterson JL. Sourcing and supply chain management 2004 pg 123)Portfolio Analysis4.1 Captive buyerCaptive buyer relationship the supplier dominates the buyer and the buyer depends on the supplier. In these particular confined buyer relationships this dependence of the buyer is due to the unique talented property of the supplier. Because of this intellectual property the buyer has limited or no Substitutes to turn to creating a dependence on the supplier. Despite this dependence a high level of trust plays an important role in making this relationship fruitful for both parties. Apparently the dominance of the supplier is limited to the extent that the vulgar trust stays intact. But the level of trust also has its limits from the suppliers perspective. The supplier is not willing to trust the buyer with its intellectual property.The obvious reason for this is the risk that the supplier would lose its imposing position. Thus, the s upplier has a special interest in maintaining its dominant position. The survey and interviews indicate that for captive buyer relationships the explanatory variables were the lack of substitutes, legal property rights and size of the supplier. Apparently the legal property rights of the supplier, and the resulting lack of substitutes, causes the buyer to depend on the supplier. These factors, combined with a supplier that is much larger than the buyer, results in a relationship that can be described as a captive buyer situation.(http//dspace.learningnetworks.org/bitstream/1820/3545/1/MWBHMJFleurenmei2011.pdf Accessed 15/09/2011)2 Captive SupplierCaptive supplier relationship the supplier depends on the buyer and the buyer accordingly overpowers the supplier. This unremainder of power can have one or a combination of factors the size of the buyer and its market share but also the switching costs for the supplier contribute to the dependence of the supplier on the buyer. Despite the fact that the supplier has important intellectual property this is not sufficient to balance the level of power towards the buyer. To make this relationship a fruitful one cooperation and mutual goals are of colossal importance. Via these mutual goals the buyer does depend on the supplier to some extent, thus preventing the buyer from abusing its dominance over the supplier. For this reason, in a captive supplier situation the buyer will also invest (heavily) in the relationship but not to the extent that it loses its dominating position.While studying the captive supplier relationships, it became apparent that the Explanatory variables were market share, lack of substitutes, legal property rights, non-retrievable investments and the size of the supplier. These factors resulted in a captive buyer situation. Again the presence of legal property rights, this time of the buyer, causes the supplier to have limited or no substitutes. Furthermore the relationship knobbed meaningful no n-retrievable investments for the supplier, making it even more difficult to switch to another buyer. Finally, the high market share of the buyer compared to the small size of the supplier was a significant factor. The net result of these explanatory variables is a captive supplier relationship. (http//dspace.learningnetworks.org/bitstream/1820/3545/1/MWBHMJFleurenmei2011.pdf Accessed 15/09/2011)3 interdependent Supply Chain membersSome kind of starting point is needed for identification of supplychains. For instance, an end product of some kind may be used for identification and analysis of the exercise coordinate organised behind it. This is in line with the transvection concept coined by Alderson (1965, p. 92) who defines transvections as comprising all prior action necessary to produce this final result, going all the way back to conglomerate resources. This, however, entails a first important connection among chains as they typically merge in different stages inside an activ ity structure where different parts of the end product are assembled, welded etc, tying different chains together successively (Dubois, 1998). Consequently, several different products (and thus also several chains, if defined by products) are involved in every supply chain resulting in some kind of end-product. Taking transvections, or end-product connect structures, as a starting point we will further analyse the ways in which the activities and resources within supply chains are connected by analysing how they are subject to the three forms of interdependence. (http//www.impgroup.org/uploads/papers/4324.pdf accessed 15/09/2011)5. Buyer /supplier relationship(Handfield RB Monczka RM Giunipero LC Patterson JL. Sourcing and supply chain management 2004)HighCategory LevelLowConclusionThe concept of power should be at the centre of any study of buyer-supplier relationships. major power affects the expectations of the two parties over what commercial returns should accrue to them fro m a relationship. It also affects the willingness of the two parties to invest in collaborative activities. As important, it also affects the willingness of the two partiesto share the costs of relationship-specific investments .It also affects the willingness of the two parties to share sensitive information. As a result, an understanding of the power relation which is often stable, with the relative stability should, from the point of view of the purchase manager, inform both the supplier selection and the relationship management decision as he or she attempts to manage risk proactively.Bibliography1. http//www.impgroup.org/uploads/papers/4320.pdf2. http//dspace.learningnetworks.org/bitstream/1820/3545/1/MWBHMJFleurenmei2011.pdf.3. Mishra Rik, Patel G-Supplier Development Strategies, Data employment Analysis Business password Journal, January 2010 vol 3 No.14. Handfield RB Monczka RM Giunipero LC Patterson JL. Sourcing and supply chain management 20041.Leaverage 2.Strategic Ca ptive Supplier Mutual dependence The buyer has power Trust is necessary Trust may be lacking 3.Routine 4. Bottleneck Mutual free Captive buyer Trust not necessary The Supplier has power Trust may be lacking LowHighBusiness Risk

Security Management Essay Example for Free

gage Management EssayInstructions to candi employments 1. There is no time restriction set for this paper and you whitethorn refer to your course text. 2. Clearly print your name in the blank spaces provided on the dissolvent sheet. 3. larn each question carefully, and circle the option letter of your selected answer on the question paper thence transfer your answer to the answer sheet by putting an X through the appropriate answer box or by writing in the answers (if the question requires it). 4. Please answer every last(predicate) the questions and weaken your answers carefully. 5. On completion submit the answer sheet to Perpetuity Training, 148 Upper New Walk, Leicester, LE1 7QA by the date required.1. Very generally it is agreed that consternationism is defined by a sort out which A. Wishes to kill its governmental enemies and influence potential allies B. Wishes to politically and ideo reproduciblely influence others by the use or aff unspoilt of use of, violence C. Wishes to promote religious ideologies through the use of force or the threat of force. D. Wishes to fend government oppression through the use of irregular warfare 2. It is argued that the term terrorism derives from the reign of terror after the French revolution. In what year was the French Revolution? A. B. C. D. 1564 1694 1794 18943. Historically, terrorist groups (although most organisations do not the likes of being referred to as terrorists) have tended to adhere to either a politically left or right wing ideology. But what do we mean by the term ideology? A. B. C. D. Right wing beliefs left over(p) wing beliefs Religious beliefs Systems of belief4. What is verbalize terrorism? A. B. C. D. Terrorism directed against the state The states definition of terrorism Terrorism only directed at governments Terrorism committed by the state5. Modern Terrorists differ from their historical predecessors mainly in A.B. C. D. The sophistication of their ideologies The sophistication of their targets and timing The sophistication of their bombardment and planning Their sophistication of their demands6. What is an IED? A. B. C. D. An improvised volatile detonation An immediate explosive detonation An improvised explosive device An in-car explosive device7. Which of the following is not normally part of an IED? A. B. C. D. The Timer The Donator The power append The delivery platform8. When conducting a terrorism risk assessment we need to consider A. B. C. D. Assets, threats and vulnerabilities Origins, tactics and social rank Aims, abilities and determination Specialty weapons and tactics9. Who said The war on terror resembles the great clashes of the last cytosine between democracy and totalitarianism? A. B. C. D. Prime government minister Margaret Thatcher President George W Bush Prime Minister Tony Blair President Barack Obama10. What is a hard target reconnaissance? A. B. C. D. An examination of the intended target by the terrorist previous to the attac k The selection by the terrorist of a difficult target The final briefing to the terrorist attack group before the attack The terrorist debrief after a difficult operation11. What is defence/security in depth? A. B. C. D. A form of maritime security Impenetrable security measures Environmental security measures interlinking layers of security12. The 1996 Manchester bombing was an attack carried out by the Provisional IRA in Manchester, England. The bomb targeted the citys radix and economy and caused widespread damage, estimated by insurers at A. B. C. D. 7 one million million 17 million 70 million 700 million13. In which year was the UK Terrorism Act passed? A. B. C. D. 2005 2006 2007200814. In what year did the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism (CECPT) come into force? A. B. C. D. 2005 2006 2007 200815. One of the most powerful pieces of counter terrorist legislation enacted was in the US, where The Homeland surety Act (HSA). In which year did it come into force? A. B. C. D. 16.2000 2001 2002 2003What is the ISPS? A. B. C. D. The International post and port wine Facility Security Code The Internal Ship and Port Facility Security Conditions The Internal Ship and Port Facility Security Code The International Safety and Port Facility Security conditions17. The ISPS applies to all vessels over A. B. C. D. 300 gross cant over tonnes 400 gross weight tonnes 500 gross weight tonnes 600 gross weight tonnes18. Port facilities serving ships where the ISPS applies require an ISC. What is the ISC? A. B. C. D. International Safety Charter International Security Certificate International Shipping Charter International Sailing Certificate19. Which of the following is not a key document that should form part of an organisations security methods and techniques? A. B. C. D. Business Continuity Plans major(ip) Incident Plans Security Procedures Terrorist Attack Plans20. What is ISO 27001? A. The entryway of an information security management s ystem B. The entre of an intermodal ply chain security management system C. The creation of a risk management system D. The introduction of a terrorist security system 21. What is ISO 3100? A. The introduction of an information security management system B. The introduction of an intermodal cut chain security management system C. Theintroduction of a risk management system D. The introduction of a terrorist security system 22. What is ISO 28001? A. The introduction of an information security management system B. The introduction of an intermodal sum chain security management system C. The introduction of a risk management system D. The introduction of a terrorist security system23. Every physical security system should have an OR what is an OR? A. B. C. D. Optional Requirement Operational Requirement Operating Regulation Operators Regulation24. It is logical that in order for an organisation to be prepared for a terrorist attack there need to be adequate levels of A. B. C. D. F ire extinguishers and smoke alarms Access control and swipe cards Training and awareness indite and reporting25. Who said Kill one, frighten ten thousand? A. B. C. D. Lao Tao Sun Tzu Confucius Kuan Ti

Boston Matrix - Refresher Essay Example for Free

Boston Matrix refresher course EssayAccording to those two figures and based on some sales figure from Unilevers marketing department, it is transcend that most of its products argon in the maturity stage and Cash-Cow products except for some new-fangled products which argon undergoing the institution stage or growth stage because there are m whatever similar new products which are developed in china and focusing on Chinese consumer. The annual sales figure look that, in personal care sector, its products convey been kept in a slightly increase or decrease lever and tend to grow to a stable maximum level. However, because of in the huge market, the make come forward of sales norm all toldy is evidential. This situation, therefore, could be effective for Unilever china run and maintain its duty owing to the massive cashflow. It also contributed to launching Unilevers sixth Research and Development (R D) Laboratory in chinaware, 2000 in order to examine the everyday need of the Chinese consumer and develop more products for the Chinese market. Facing the pressure form not only another large firm P G but also a view of local anaesthetic booming manufactures, Unilever China has adopted a draw of effective measures in order to contest with them.For instance, frequent products promotion with the purpose of offering more profits to the customers and keeping the freeze off outlay. In addition, in order to maintain the awareness of brands, Unilever launches a lot of brilliant advertisements by using many celebrated pop stars in every season. Commentary on the three underlying systems Technical, People, Economic (including Organisational use of selective teaching and Communication Technologies (ICT) A. Technical When I was working in ChinadotCom corporation Shanghai branch, I had had a lot of opportunities of communicating with IT staff of Unilever China.According to the information which I have gained form them, it is clear that if there w as no supporting from Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), possibly, all of its business and management would be out of control. ICT plays a significant role of management in lots of successful western firms as well as in Unilever. Thus, when Unilever re-entered China in 1990, it also brought some advanced management systems especially Enterprise resource cookery (ERP) software which it had already operated in most of its subsidiaries into Unilever China.Throughout six years development, based on captain ERP system, Unilever China has been building a brand-new heed Information System (MIS) which is diametrical between the general MIS during current years. This new MIS concentrates in generating and analysing date source which forwards to provide high-octane reports rather than the put to work of information communication. Unilever China has launched a rate of separated information systems such as Dealer Management System (DMS), Sales Information System (SIS) a nd Supplier Management System as well. all of them have integrated with MIS through ERP in order to offer standard data source. Moreover, it has planned to launch a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system owing to maintain heights proportion of royalty among its consumers. As we know, most multinational companies adopt single united globe standard for their IT equipments including hardware and software as well as Unilever. It should be easy and effective for the companies to manage and maintain the whole systems for example, once any engineer of Unilever turns on any PC of Unilever, there would be the same operation system and occupation software in the PC.However, for Unilever China, this situation could lead to some problems when it would like to merge other companies. It also has approach Unilever China much money and labour to integrate all the different systems which the fourteen voice ventures had been used, when it was carrying out the two diversitys. B. People In a land where technologies and markets are speedily changing, as well as in China, both local knowledge and globe proficiency have been required to deeply agnize and meet the complex needs of the 150 million customers who choose Unilevers products everyday.It is very important, therefore, for Unilever China to make its employees localising as possible as it could. At its beginning stage, Unilever China had employed more one hundred unlike staffs including managers and professionals. Although they had more working experience and good management approaches, there still had been some disadvantages of this state. Firstly, it had led to the high cost of labour because Unilever should pay nearly six times more than employing local people. Secondly, most of irrelevant staffs, they had not had enough knowledge of Chinese economy environment.This might provide some wrong decisions in both marketing and manufacture areas. Finally, because they had been so proud of their characters and mac ulations, they tended to be difficult to communicate with local people. All in all, thus, Unilever China has modified its mind to reduce the number of foreign staffs and offer more opportunities to local employees. (Unilever China, 2001) In every recent year, Unilever China has sent numbers of its local managers abroad to practise for senior(a) positions in their own countries.Its target of 95 percent local management in China includes fivesome percent of local managers who are also working overseas at any given time. On the other hand, in purpose of reducing the cost of workforce, Unilever China decided to cut down the number of workforce in Shanghai which is in the highest level of working payment in China, and move its manufactures to the lower cost place. C. Economic Inside Unilever China, the significant motive of two revolutions is to decrease their working expenditures and utilise all the business resource businesslikely.The production lines of most its products such as sh ampoo and shower are kind of similar including the raw material as well. There had been several same production lines among the fourteen enounce ventures, before Unilever China re-structured them. In addition, the waste also happened to the IT departments, administration department and supporting department. Once Unilever China had held a new joint venture, it had had to build an individual business system for it. It seems to be more efficient and having more abilities of competition, when the two revolutions have been accomplished.Furthermore, the changes also facilitate Unilever to concentrate its brands in order to meet the needs of different markets. For instance, in Shanghai which is the huge developed city in China, its key products are in the personal care and wash area including Lux, Dove, Hazeline and Ponds. Due to the changing of Chinese government economy policy, China is going to be more open for the foreign companies. As a result that China has joint World Trade Organ isation (WTO), more foeign companies will enter China.Most local manufactures tend to establish stronger because they will have more chance to gain the advanced management approaches and learn the business skills by competing with more foreign companies. They also could the big challenge to the Unilever China. Another purpose of its changes, thus, is to maintain its leader position in China. Since these changes, Unilever China becomes more flexibility because it clearly to allocate its business targets to three gatherings. Every group has its own responsibility of manufacturing and selling particular products.Thus, both of them could be the professional in their own efficient environment. Discussion of management activities and approaches (including regular(prenominal) errors) Until this section, it seems that there has been no obvious evidence which could show that Unilever China has make some clear mis exacts of management so far. However, there might be no completely arrant( a) result once you have accomplished some changes. In the short-term, we could regard it as more positively charged than negative but no one could image the future. Also, before the two revolutions happened, there had been some typical management errors which Unilever China had made.Inside most of joint ventures in China, there are two different manager teams one group of them are assigned straight by foreign companies another are the people who have already worked in the companies which are going to co-operate with the foreign companies. However, both of them have the responsibilities of managing the new companies which we exactly classify as Chinese-foreign joint ventures in China. Thus, because of different working background in different economics system, these two manager teams provide two different management styles.For the managers who have been worked in Unilever world group for a period of time, because of underlying the western developed management theory, their managemen t approach could be considered as Proactive Positive. The management approaches have been argued and developed by a lot of western researchers for a long time. Those effective management approaches, such as team work, business culture and management information system, have been widely utilised in Unilever. This also could contribute good forecast of marketing and sales, efficient decision making and powerful capability of competition.Those advantages could be clearly embodied in the two revolution of Unilever China. In particular, in order to avoid more waste of resource, Unilever China terminated some business in 2002 in Shanghai and transferred them to the low cost place which was in HeFei. During this process, certainly, it should deal with the loss of re-investment and high risk of changing. Nevertheless, due to some typical management errors which it had made at the beginning of re-entering China, it has had to change its impermanent situation. The typical mistakes could be Market Share wars and The big project.The evidences of these errors could be discovered by some probe in its process of growth. For instance, only in a decade, it had constructed fourteen joint ventures in China to take the leader position of Chinese market and compete with P G. Following its step, P G China also carried out some measures which might beat its challenge. Finally, that lead to both of these two firms had to reduce their products price in order to obtain more market share. Those fourteen joint ventures had caused numerous waste of assign assets, labour and operation cost.

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of the Matrix Form of Structure Essay Example for Free

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of the Matrix Form of Structure EssayOrganisational structure refers to the way that tasks and responsibilities be allocated to individuals and the ship ejectal that individuals are grouped together into offices, departments, and divisions. Mangers often describe their organisation by drawing an organisation chart which shows the structure of an organisation and the relationships and relative ranks of its profits and positions. When small businesses are started, they consist of an owner, manager and a some employees so an organisational structure is unnecessary at this stage. As an organisation grows to become an established business, it forget carry one of a number of organisational structures to implement its strategy. There are a number of different structures (the apportioning of tasks and responsibilities to individuals) an organisation can choose. They include a functional structure, multidivisional structure or a intercellu lar substance structure. The matrix structure is more complex than the other forms of structure. It combines different structural dimensions simultaneously, for example, crop divisions and geographical territories or carrefour divisions and functional specialism.The matrix structure has certain advantages and disadvantagesAdvantages1.They are effective at knowledge management because they abandon separate areas of knowledge to be integrated across organisation boundaries. Particularly in professional run organisations. Can be helpful in applying particular knowledge specialism to different market or geographic segments. E.g. for a particular client pile with particular knowledge specialism (strategy/organisational design) tied with people grouped with particular markets (industry sectors or geographic regions.Example education specialists various age groups2.Matrix organisations are in truth flexible because they allow different dimensions of the organisation to be mixed toge ther. It is particularly attractive to organisations operating globally, because they of practicable mix between local and global dimensions. For example, local marketing in geographical divisions and global product divisions.3.The matrix structure replaces formal lines of authority with (cross matrix) structures or dual dimensions. This can lead to problems and disadvantages of the matrix structure.Disadvantages1.It will typically take longer to make decisions because of bargaining between the managers of different dimensions.2.There may also be conflict because staff may find themselves responsible to managers from two structural dimensions. In short, matrix organisations are hard to control.3.Jobs and responsibilities of staff across the matrix may not be clear, i.e. one arm of the matrix may work for another arm of the matrix (economic production volumes over local variations).4.Cost and profit responsibilities can be unclear. Senior managers must be good at sustaining collabor ative relationships across the matrix and strategically leading and guiding employees.

Laertes to be cordial with everyone Essay Example for Free

Laertes to be cordial with everyone EssayThis blood subscriber line tells us erst again that the reality who listens more but talks less is more aureate and successful. He to a fault tells Laertes to control his temper if anyone rebukes him. Even here Shakespeargon has used per watchwordification as he describes ear and voice as things that can be break offn. When he says take each mans censure he is telling Laertes to hear show up everybodys opinion but non to voice his avouch regarding anything. Shakespe atomic number 18 uses the words give and take almost everywhere in this speech. Polonius besides says, Beware of entrance to a altercate. This is an important lesson for Laertes and for the indorser besides.It is important to Laertes because he is going out to a foreign country where he does need friends non enemies. The word, beware signals a warning, which shows us the importance of the usage of this word. The word, entrance means sensationting. It is importa nt it highlights the itinerary Shakespeare highlighted authoritative actions by using more figurative language. He tries to tell us and Laertes that it is non non not not important not to start a quarrel nor should anyone enter a quarrel. This can be compared to the next phrase in which he besides tells Laertes to be cordial with everyone.Polonius also asks Laertes to stay away from the common folk when he says, Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar. This line means that he should be familiar with everyones habits and thoughts but not be too friendly. He is also trying to tell Laertes to be pleasant with his dealings with mountain but not to be too cheap among common people. It is this deterrent example value that we can only partly accept and diddle. It is correct that we should be pleasant in our dealing with people but the fact that we should not mix with the common people is wrong.It shows us that the higher differentiate of people in the Victorian succession did not respect or accept the commoners as a part of society. This is in fact the only place where we watch to learn the opposite. We should learn that it is not a disgrace to blend in with people who boast less notes or less food. We can see that Shakespeare has used a strong word, vulgar, in describing the lower class of people. The use of this word shows us the feelings of the aristocrats. It tells us how we should respect whole kinds of people however poor they may be.It also adds to the lesson that if he has to stay away from all kinds of quarrels and fights he should be warm and cordial in his dealings with everyone. During the speech Polonius also communicates the importance of saving. This is expressed when he says, Costly thy habit as thy round can buy, But not expressed in fancy rich, not gaudy For the apparel ofttimes proclaims man. In this line we come to learn a very important lesson that is even important in our daily lives today. Polonius imparts to his son not to wear any attire that is expensive, extravagant flamboyant ostentatious.He should ceaselessly be moderate reasonable in his spending and only buy things that are within his limits or that which his purse can buy. We see Shakespeare use of figurative language in this line as he personifies the purse to something that is capable of buying things. However it is important to understand that Polonium also meant for his son to trot well For the apparel oft proclaims man as the quote signifies. Further in the speech, Polonius also tells Laertes something that has fashion one of the most famous lines in our time. Laertes is advised by his father to be, neither a borrower nor a lender is. This, of course has a lot of moral value whether it be in the Victorian era or the modern era. It shows us that Polonius tells Laertes to guard against excessive spending. He should never spend money to an design that he will be in depth and will need to borrow money. He should not even help anyone durin g their times of need. This shows us that Polonius was indeed a very selfish character and also tries to tell his son to be so too. In a way he is noble also because he lives within the limits of what he can buy and imparts this knowledge to his son.This can be compared to the previous lesson in which he tells Laertes not to buy fancy or rich things so as to spend all his wealth. We can see how Shakespeare links the two ideas to seem as though they are the same. The word, costly, in the starting signal idea and the word, borrower in the next makes the association. It is important for us to realize the importance of wealth in our lives as Shakespeare does and tries to postulate this to us. He also tries to show us the consequence when he says, For loan oft loses twain(prenominal) itself and friend. This piece of knowledge tells us just how one must socialize.It also shows us that borrowing or lending money can be disastrous for a friendship. It is quite obvious that Shakespeare is trying to convey to us the importance of a good friendship that is not plagued by money. Another lesson that Polonium gives to his son is- this above all to thane own self be true, and also says that if Laertes does follow this then he canst not then false to any man. This piece of wisdom is quite important in society today. It is our scruples that we should answer to at the end of the day and not any one else.If we are true to our conscience then we will be true to everyone around us. Here again Shakespeare stresses on the fact that we should not lie, quite contrary to the opinion that he promotes lying when Polonius tells Laertes to keep silent about certain aspects. This truly displays the way he has portrayed his genius. He manages to tell us to be diplomatic but not to lie. The lessons learnt from these speeches apply to our everyday life also as they highlight how we should act and our moral values and conscience also comes into question here. Both Laertes and village are loving sons to their parents.In fact Laertes is a stupefy to juncture. Both are offspring custody who have had their fathers murdered and both seek revenge. The difference between them is that while Laertes is hot blooded , active and seeks immediate revenge village thinks over the moral rightness and wrongness of his actions but the end result is the same-that by seeking revenge, by taking Gods justice into their own hands and by seeking to destroy another human life both young men are killed . So what is Shakespeares heart and advice to us? Not to seek revenge? Not to take the righteousness into your hands however justified it may be?But to avenge your fathers death and to destroy the murderer of your father, is it not the handicraft of a son and a matter of honor? This is something that Shakespeare does not give a conclusive solution to. He leaves it to us, people of different societies and different periods to make our choices and decisions based on our moral rule s and the traditions and practices and conventions of the society that we belong to. But what Shakespeare seems to underline is that destroying another human life whether justifiably or not will have its consequences.Hamlet also explores the theme of friendship and loyalty. Among the hundreds of young men that Hamlet could have as his friends he finds that only Horatio is to be trusted and valued. He has complete faith in Horatio. It is to Horatio totally that Hamlet confides all his secrets. Even on his return secretly from England after tricking Rosencrantz and Guildenstern it is to Horatio that Hamlet narrates the whole sequence of events. At the end of the play when Hamlet lies dying and Horatio shows his loyalty to his beloved friend by preparing to slip by with him I am more an antique Roman than a Dane.Heres some liquor left. Hamlet lays upon him the duty of clearing his wounded name. He enjoins upon Horatio the sacred task of making the world aware of why and how Hamlet came to meet his end If thou didst ever hold me in thy heart, Absent thee from felicity awhile, And in this hash word draw thy breath in pain, To tell my story. In contrast Hamlets friendship with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are shown as false and contemptible. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are young men who tried to take advantage of their friendship for Hamlet.They turned out to be Claudiuss spies and professed friendship with Hamlet for self advancement. And so Hamlet when he discovered the nature of the message that they were carrying to the king of England he substituted Claudiuss order with a fake one according to which it was instructed that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern be put to fulminant death , Not shriving time allowed. Hamlet shows no regret or remorse for his deed. Infact he declares they are not near my conscience. Thus what Shakespeare is perhaps trying to teach us is that true and loyal friends are rare and precious.They are to be valued and honored. For every t rue friend that we have we may have double the number of false friends who will plot our downfall if it is to their advantage. Shakespeares message is therefore is to be suspicious of much(prenominal) false friends. Hamlet also contains lengthy discourses on man and how he is in every way the crown of creation. Shakespeare has used his wealth of poetical genius and shows his incredible mastery over poetic expressions when he describes the beauty of the earth and man as an exquisite piece of art.Looking at the star studded sky he waxes poetic. He calls the sky This most excellent canopy, Brave oerhanging firmament, This majestically ceiling fretted with golden fire. Man itself is a piece of work that is to be admired and appreciated. Hamlet is unspoilt of admiration of this exquisite creation of nature and exclaims What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form, and moving how express and admirable, in action how like and angle , in appre hension how like a god. Later in a discussion with Horatio Hamlet talks of who is an pattern man. According to him the perfect man is in whom passion and reason are so well co meddled that they are not a pipe for fortunes finger to sound what stop she please. Hamlet considers Horatio as such an ideal man and through and through Hamlets intelligent, detailed and perceptive analysis Shakespeare is telling us about how man can become a paragon of animals by balancing emotions and reason.Hamlet is greatly empresses by Fortinbras and his adventures when he is told of how the Norwegians risked the lives of 20,000 men for a little patch of ground that hath in it no profit but the name. Hamlet comes to the conclusion Rightly to be great, is not to stir without great argument, but greatly to find quarrel in a straw when honors is at stake. Hamlets character changes during the course of the play. Towards the end e limitedly after his tempestuous confrontation with his mother we see the m ellowing of Hamlet and how he slowly seems to be at love-in-idleness with himself.Perhaps it is the fact that Gertrude and Hamlet has reached something of a better understanding that has given him this peace, because after the closet chance we see Gertrude being more supportive of Hamlet. She does not confide in Claudius the truth about Hamlets fierceness that he is not really mad but Only mad in craft. Hamlet acknowledges the social movement of a higher power in our lives. It may have been his escape from death not once but twice that has built up a stronger Christian faith in him.He had on an impulse rashly, And praised be rashness for it- let us know our indiscretion sometimes serves us well, undetermined the official document entrusted with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and made the astonishing discovery that Claudius himself has passed the order That on the supervise, no leisure bated, No, not to stay the grinding of the axe, My head should be struck off. On the same voya ge he had break loose death a second time from the hands of the pirates. It is these experiences that had also had a chastening effect on him.Through Hamlet Shakespeare invites us to capacityen out faith in the omniscient when he says Theres a divinity that shapes our ends, rough-hew them how we will. Later in the same scene Hamlet reaffirms this that There is a special providence in the fall of a sparrow. This faith is established when he continues by saying the zeal is all which means that since no one knows what happens after death , it does not matter whether we die former(a) or not. In a way Hamlet was committing himself in Gods hands and he shows an extraordinary wisdom, humility and maturity which are a lesson to all of us.In Act 5 Scene 1 Hamlet is seen in a mood of contemplation with the skull of Yorrick. Through the image of the skull Shakespeare conveys a powerful message. The picture of the young prince contemplating Yorricks skull is a universally recognized icon. The singing grave spadeful has a profound impact both on Hamlet and on us. He is amusing and terrifying at the same time because he is so full of life and so at home with death . His profession is dealing with something that we would not want to think about and very often struggle to make sense of.The grave power shovel is the one who has dug grave in which Ophelia is to buried. Soon he will deal with Hamlet, Laertes, with the king and the ottoman and finally he will deal with us all whether we are somebody or secret code . Thus the grave digger is the assistant of that Great Leveller- Death. Hamlet says Alexander died, Alexander was buried, Alexander returneth to constellate dust is earth of earth we make loam. Long before Alexander and Caesar, Claudius and Hamlet came into the world. The grave digger was busy and he will be at his work long after their brief exits and entrances.He has been there from the beginning of human history and will be busy until the final trumpet. Th us through the image of the skull and the grave digger Shakespeare presents a reminder to us about our mortality. Hamlet is the longest as well as the most complex of all Shakespeares plays. Hamlet the introspective, contemplative, intellectual and highly perceptive university assimilator tenderises us a deep and profound examination into the nature of human life. The play deals with such unadulterated themes as death, the meaning and purpose of mans life, the choices that are available to him and the choices that he should be able to make.Shakespeare does not offer any solutions either foe us or for Hamlets own problems. What he does is point out the strength and draw backs of each of the choices that Hamlet and we have made or are likely to make. In this way the play is not simply a plot with characters enacting certain specified rules but it is a manual(a) about life providing us with knowledge, information, wisdom and values that would be an education for life through the s ensitive of drama and therein lies Shakespeares greatness.

Centred Counselling in Action by Dave Mearns Essay Example for Free

Centred Counselling in Action by Dave Mearns EssayUsing the someone centred approach, it is the counsellors ob to help the lymph gland connect with their own inner resources modify them to find their own unique solutions. In this book the authors undertake to condone the theories and principles of person centred counselling by relating them to actual practice. The book is intended as a practical and comprehensive guide for trainee counsellors, those training them and as well as for established counsellors wishing to familiarise themselves with the person centred approach to counselling. Coming from the standpoint of someone Just showtime out as a trainee counsellor, the writer as first attracted by the short, snappy title of psyche Centred Counselling in Action. The word action hints that the work pass on not be a dry, knockout to read book concentrating only on the theoretical side of things but the reader will in truth get to see how the process works in practice. In this wish, the book did not disappoint. -2- The master(prenominal) frame of the book explores in some depth, the conditions (known as the core conditions) of empathy, borrowing and congruence, which be essential to the practice of the person- centred counsellor.The utmost terzetto chapters draw on one articular case study showing how the core conditions are used in practice. These final chapters look at the experience from both the counsellors and the clients point of view. The writer rig the contents of the book to be written in a logical fashion and in the main uses straight forward language. The writer felt that the down to earth style of writing and avoidance of patois made the book more accessible than some others of the same genre.Also very helpful is that as new concepts are introduced, examples of the concept be discussed are highlighted in boxes throughout the text. This helped to reinforce the writers understanding of ideas that are unfamiliar to her at this sta ge of her learning. One of the main themes of the book is an in-depth geographic expedition of the three elements that make up what is referred to in person centred literature, as the core conditions. In the first chapter the book clearly states what these are as follows The creation of a growth producing climate in a therapeutic relationship requires That the counsellor raise 1. e genuine or congruent 2. otter unconditional positive hear and total acceptance -3- 3. happen and communicate a deep empathic understanding While this statement is useful for clarity it is apparent on reading further that these conditions are not easily attained. They take commitment on the bring out of the counsellor to develop and maintain these spatial relations and are so signifi chiffoniert, say the authors, that not only do they squander profound implications for the counsellors professional practice but also for the counsellors life as a safe and sound.This thought makes the writer pause an d reflect on how powerful the core conditions are and the words life changing bouncing unbidden to mind. Although in practice, the core conditions are nextricably linked, for the pur prepares of this review the writer has chosen to focus on the books exploration of acceptance or unconditional positive regard. The authors speak of unconditional positive regard as being an attitude held by the counsellor and give the following clear definition Unconditional positive regard is the label given to the fundamental attitude of the person-centred counsellor towards her client.The counsellor who h greys this attitude deeply values the almsgiving of her client and is not deflected in that valuing by any particular client behaviours. The attitude manifests itself in the counsellors onsistent acceptance of and enduring warmth towards her client. It struck the writer that although this attitude of unconditional positive regard can be viewed as highly commendable, it may also in practice, be rough to attain. The writer agrees with the -4_ authors opinion that unconditionality cannot be guaranteed due to each counsellor being fallible, human and having personal limits.The writer however fountainheads the authors statement that the person centred counsellor is likely to be less conditional than most other pack with whom the client will relate. The writer feels hat this is a sweeping generalisation of clients relationships and may not be true. That said, the writer believes that the attitude of unconditional positive regard is one that every counsellor, irrespective of tradition, should actively seek to develop and maintain.The authors pose the question Why is unconditional positive regard important? In answer to this question a picture is drawn of a client who has been brought up to believe that it is only by meeting conditions oblige on them by significant others that they have any value. By consistently having an attitude of nconditional positive regard and by valu ing the client in their own correctly, irrespective of conditions imposed by others, the counsellor is directly intriguing the clients long held beliefs intimately their self- worth.The authors describe the client as being in a negative, self-defeating wheel, not expecting to be valued and relate to others by being self-protective or antisubmarine. They may well be displaying behaviours that obtain others away such as being inappropriately aggressive, not showing any feelings or possibly withdrawing from any demanding social contact. In driving others away, the lients belief that he is unworthy or unlovable is reinforced. The authors explain that by having an attitude of unconditional positive regard, the counsellor can gradually break into the clients self- defeating cycle.Once the cycle is broken, the client -5- no longer needs to be defensive towards the counsellor. His fear reduces and an environment of trust and arctic is created where the client feels able to explore w hat troubles him. The authors claim that not only will the client have been influenced to question conditions ot worth imposed on him and been helped to become less efensive but that somehow the client will have to experience the counsellors attitude for himself and begin the Journey towards self-acceptance.The writer, though inexperience, agrees with the writers view that the counsellors attitude of unconditional positive regard can eventually have dramatic positive effects for the client. The writer also takes on progress the authors advice to bear this dramatic effect in mind, early in the therapeutic process when the client can display a number of difficult, off- come outting behaviours. There was some discussion by the authors about defensive clients. They give examples of three clients with very different problems.Mary an unkempt 45 year old dame with poor personal hygiene who is filled with self- loathing Roger a hard-nosed 35 year old, cut-throat argument man who blames his wife for all their marital problems and James a suspicious, angry 18 year old who used most of his first counselling session to verbally abuse the counsellor. It later became clear that the three clients had four things in common 1. They all had a deep sadness, 2. Felt intensely un savourd, 3. Did not love themselves and 4.Were all extremely vulnerable. The authors note that although the clients behaviours were ery different their defensiveness was acting as a shield which repelled others and hid what kind of people they really were. The -6- authors advise that unconditional positive regard means that the counsellor should not be put off by these behaviours but should continue to value the worth of the client and eventually earn the right to be given access to what lies behind the shield.The writer can imagine that it could sometimes be difficult for the counsellor to accept their client. The authors examine this problem in some depth and also give practical steps for the counse llor to take when confronted with this situation. They advise the conscious use of empathy which helps the counsellor to focus more on the client and less on her own negative feelings towards the client. Using empathy can also encourage the client to open up more and cause the counsellor to question her earlier Judgement.The authors also suggest that it would be beneficial for the counsellor to explore the matter more fully in supervision. The dislike belongs to the counsellor, say the authors and is indeed her responsibility to deal with it and not blame the client for her feelings. In the chapter on unconditional positive regard, the uthors go onto discuss in some depth other matters worthy of consideration and study such as Can the lymph gland Accept My Acceptance? Focus on Warmth, Focus on Conditionality and Accepting the Client who loves you. Unfortunately time does not allow the writer to discuss these topics any further. The writer found the whole book very engaging and inf ormative and would recommend the newer edition to anyone wanting to learn more about person-centred counselling. Its hands on style is very readable and gives many useful examples of the process in action. In conclusion, it does what it says on the tin (word count 1 ,565)