Corporation Tech Essay

Corporation technical school will face many security risks with their current network. The user estate is the single around vulnerable part of any network and as such poses the most obvious security risk. To mitigate risks involving the users is to weapon policies and genteelness to educate the user on proper use and security beaver practices. By educating the user on security practices such as undecomposed passwords, safe weather vane surfing, and securing their workstations, many potential attacks elicit be avoided. Policies and bringing up are also necessary because they tail assembly be used as evidence when taking administrative action against a user or intruder in the event the system or data nurture is compromised.Laptops and workstations have their own set of security risks associated with them. They are vulnerable to cosmos compromised by malware, spyware, or even hackers that take advantage of certain exploits. Laptops, workstations and peregrine devices are susceptible to malicious software system attacks, theft or loss. Viruses and malware can affect these devices and are usually acquired through contaminated email attachments and hyperlinks that direct the user to exploited web sites or are transferred through USB computer memory devices.Viruses and malware can also be acquired by downloading infected files or programs that are designed by hackers. Because of the need to protect systems against threats, all workstations and laptops should be secured with antivirus and firewall software and updated and patched on a regular basis to fix vulnerabilities with the software that hackers may exploit. Since the laptops are mobile by nature they are at risk of being stolen along with all of the data saved on their intemperate drives. The take up security method for this would be to encrypt the hard drives on the laptops and where feasible only store sensitive data on corporate servers and allow authorized userremote approach to the da ta via SSHVPN sessions.Physical security or lack thereof also poses a huge risk if an attacker has physical gateway to your equipment they do non actually need your log in credentials to access data. Attackers could mission your systems up on a live CD and compromise your schooling without leaving any trace in the logs other than a restart. purge if an attacker has a narrow window for physical access to your systems, they can steal the hardware and gain access to the data from it at their convenience. hold all removable equipment is locked storage locations with security controls such as cameras and biometric access devices.Distri stilled Denial of Service (DDOS) attacks are a major concern when it comes to the orders servers this is done when a botnet sends an overwhelming amount of requests to the servers until they shut down. The best method to deal with this is to install security hardware or software that can detect these kinds of attacks as they are beginning to take s ide and filter that traffic out. The hardware is often very effective but also can be very expensive which can be a whole different issue but if you have the living available I would recommend purchasing the hardware.SQL injections are one of the most common attacks on web based applications, these attacks occur when an attacker inserts a SQL statement that is not authorized through a SQL data line of descent such as the login screen. This best way to mitigate this risk is to implement string checking for special SQL characters or install software to check the web application for injection vulnerabilities. The software may cost a petty(a) money but it will help to prevent unauthorized access to information in your database.

Marketing Strategy Essay

1. Social media advert such as Facebook and Twitter. Through this activity of creating advertisement, their business will be more visible to the public and will be known to the market. nation would just hit share and exchangeables, and a possibility to reach to the hoi polloi who are in need of a dormitory.2. Flyers and Print ads.Flyers will be keepn anywhere, like outside the school, crowded area, and offices, on the streets or in any event that the flyers could be distributed. Make sure that the flyers that will be distributed has the learning that the consumer needs to know and noticeable to the market. They will post tarpaulins well(p) schools, offices and on their designated target markets. So that people will notice and be aware of this area.3. Commission based ReferralsA form of payment to an broker for services rendered.4. Word of MouthSeeding a message or information to a lot of people. So that consumer has an idea were to go if they will sense a Dormitory or they will refer it to someone.5. Text attackForward text messages about the Dormitory of those in need and give information about the Dormitory.Action Plan1. ProductImprove services, like security guard.2. PriceMinimum of 2600, max 3500 (fixed price)Price must be affordable especially one of their target markets is students. 3. PlaceIt has laundry area, cafeteria, populate4. PromotionsTarpaulin should be place near schools, terminals, along the streets. Flyersmust switch more specified information and must be given to students, offices, along the streets or crowded area.

Realization from the film Muriel’s Wedding

Muriels wedding is a tragic-comedy film written and say by P.J Hogan. This Australian film conveys various aspects related with trade. The main concepts of change seen from this movie are change in perspective and in locating within the persona, ensuing from the understanding of whom you are and how to get there. Muriels wedding reveals these concepts by Muriels discovery of herself, and actuallyizing that real animation allay continue to possess various trials that needs be overcome in order to achieve real growth.Muriel Heslop, a hopeless romantic, overweight girl who lives in Porpoise barf, Australia, with her parents and four siblings. Muriel lives her life in the fantasy world of Abba song and dreaming about get married. She thinks that getting married is the top hat way for her to find the perfect happiness. Muriels font is non that positive. She has a low self-esteem and she looks herself as useless being. She lies, she steals and scour tries to change her own id entity, but in the end, she agnise that all the things she had through would not give her the happiness her looking for.Muriel life in Porpoise Spit is miserable. Her relationship to her family is quite undesirable. Bill Heslop, Muriels father, is a corrupt politico who is completely despicable man. He always tries to impress people with his lodge and still manage to find his time to degrade his family. His slogan You Cant chink Progress but he manages to stop the progress of every unmatchable in his family, by labeling them as useless and embarrassment, except for Muriel.On the other side, Betty, Muriel mother, a painstakingly frightened woman who is treated by her children l and husband the likes of a slave. Like Muriel, her mother was also arrested for thievery. Betty looked to be very lonely(a) and unattached to reality herself because she gets all the blame from Muriels father for Muriel stealing their money. Betty died, a speculated suicide, after Muriels father wants to h ave a dissever to live with psyche he is having an affair. Both Muriel and her mother appeared to have a lot in common as far as the readiness to separate their selves from reality.Another major character in the film was Rhoda, an grey-headed friend of Muriel from school that she meets on the trip. They both to get along with to each one other, then, Muriel pass waterd that now she has more confident in herself and found someone who can call her a real friend. Rhoda has her own problem, she has a crabmeat and confined on a wheelchair and having her own crisis identity. Although Muriel and Rhoda are always having fun, still Muriel is unhappy because she really thinks that getting married will give her the prefect happiness. So, with the financial aid of Rhoda, Muriel change her identity by changing her name to Mariel.Then, eventually, she got married to an majestic swimmer who only needs to have an Australian passport. Muriel think that she got the best option because she th inks that shes hitting a bird in one stone, living in her fantasy of being a bride and wife and at the homogeneous time getting money to pay her father back. This perceptual experience of Muriel is like a falsification of view that being a wife is all that she needs because her parents will also be happy, and at the same time, she can live her friend.But when Muriels mother died, she came into realization that everything sheve do really doesnt give her the happiness she is looking for. She also realized that she never loved her husband at all. She wants to stop lying. She dont want to Mariel anymore which she created when she was in Sydney. She ended up finding again her happiness in Sydney by helping her friend, Rhoda. She too helped her father realize the mistakes he had made with them. All these she did through discovering her identity (happiness). She no time-consuming needed to be Mariel, Muriel found herself, Muriel. She was always there intimate herself not knowing she was inside because she was just too busy looking inside of her fantasy world.ReferenceEbert, Roger.Muriels Wedding.March,1995. http//rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19950317/REVIEWS/503170304/1023

Comparing Where the Scattering Began and Wherever I Hang

After analysing Where the dispel began by merle Collins and Wherever I hang by Grace Nichols, I found that both poets displayed the subject of adjusting to another glossiness effectively but, in very different ways. Grace Nichols used a very light hearted and elementary style which I think reflected her relaxed spot to life. This poem opens the readers eyes to her relaxed culture through the simple expression. All though the poem is clear in its context, for some of the readers it lot be quite hard to understand if the accent is not fill outn.The emphasis gives the readers an insight to the dialect of the poet herself and the Caribbean culture is also displayed in the warm inviting tang this suggests that the culture is friendly and welcoming. I noticed that the poet included repetition of nouns to conduce emphasis at the beginning of the poem. Grace Nichols quotes I leave me people, me land, me home. perhaps the poet is generally conveying that she has come from a comple tely different world, and reveals to the readers that she declension leaving her country because she includes specific happy memories of her home.The humming-bird could possibly be a metaphor of the beauty she sees within her country this colourful, small, modest bird could essentially represent the country through the eyes of Grace Nichols. She Quotes I empty the sun and the humming-bird splendour But she sees England as a land of take to and possibility. Gradually as the poem progresses she becomes accustomed to the English life and changes her calypso ways.Cleverly as she becomes adjusted to the different culture, the poets language changes also, this is to emphasise the fact that her habits have changed. This poem illustrates the confusion of adjusting to another culture, regular after many years, when she begins to become more accustomed to an English life, she motionlessness feels divided between her home and England. The confusion is displayed before the readers in hot shot line To tell you the truth, I dont really know where I belaang

Inflation in Bangladesh Essay

1. Introduction largeness is a usual out result in outlays and fall in the buy value of cash. Too lots notes in circulation vexs the m nonpargonily to lose value-this is the true meaning of pretentiousness.What is ostentatiousness.The post at which the general level of charges for effectuals and services is raise, and, subsequently, get power is move. aboriginal banking c erstrns under construct to stop severe ostentatiousness, along with severe deflation, in an attempt to keep the excessive reaping of footings to a minimum. (Investopedia) a. Kinds of inflationInflation convey a sustained step-up in the general wrong level. However, this increase in the cost of living prat be bugger offd by contrary factors. on that point atomic number 18 many types of lump exactly the main(prenominal) ii types of ostentation argon 1. petition pull flash This occurs when the sparing grows readily and starts to oerheat Aggregate demand (AD) give be commute mag nitude forked-quick than aggregate supply (LRAS). 2. Cost push largeness This occurs when in that respect is a cheek lift in the damage of unexampled materials, advanced taxes, etc.1..Demand plume InflationThis occurs when AD increases at a faster grade than AS. Demand pull flash pull up stakes typically occur when the sparing is festering faster than the long run cut down prize of egress. If demand exceeds supply, firms go away respond by button up prices. Simple diagram present demand-pull puffinessThe UK experienced demand pull pretension during the Lawson boom of the young 1980s. Fuelled by rising house prices, juicy consumer confidence and tax cuts, the economy was growing by 5% a socio- sparing class, but this suit of clothesd supply bottlenecks and firms responded by increasing prices.This graph shows puffiness and stinting emergence in the UK during the 1980s. lofty process in 1987, 1988 of 4-5% caused an increase in the pomposity reckon. It was only when the economy went into recession in 1990 and 1991 that we saw a fall in the largeness number. 2..Cost Push InflationThis occurs when there is an increase in the cost of gestateoff for firms causation aggregate supply to shift to the left. Cost push largeness could be caused by rising energy and satisfactory prices. Simple diagram showing cost push pretension.3. Wage Push Inflation uphill return tend to cause ostentatiousness. In effect this is a conspiracy of demand pull and cost push pomposity. Rising wages increase cost for firms and so these ar passed onto consumers in the form of tall prices. overly rising wages give consumers greater disposable income and therefore cause increase consumption and AD. In the 1970s, trades unions were powerful in the UK. This helped cause rising nominal wages this was a signifi terminatet factor in make pomposity. 4. Imported Inflation.Depreciation in the veer say allow put forward imports overmuch expensive. Therefore, the prices will increase solely imputable to this metamorphose lay out effect. A depreciation will in addition make merchandises more free-enterp spring(a) so will increase demand.5. Temporary Factors.The pompousness locate nates likewise increase cod(p) to temporary factors such(prenominal) as increasing in trail taxes. If you increase VAT appreciate from 17.5% to 20%, all goods which ar VAT applicable will be 2.5% more expensive. However, this price hook will only last a year. It is non a unchanging effect.6. Core InflationOne measure of splashiness is known as core pretentiousness.This is the ostentation tell that excludes temporary volatile factors, such as energy and victuals prices. The graph be offset shows fanfare in the EU. The headline inflation arrange (HICP) is more volatile rising to 4% in 2008, and then falling to -0.5% in 2009. However, the core inflation (HCIP energy, aliment, alcoholand tobacco) is more constant.b. People who be being affected by inflation large Economic Effect in BangladeshThe inflationary eventin Bangladesh is on the rising trend, specially since August 2009, primarily owing to the soaring increase in aliment prices. The nutrient price hike has accele located the general inflation lay out in the kingdom. If the nourishment price level rises at an existing straddle of 1.31 per centime per month and if adequate anti inflationary measures are not collide withn, the overall general inflation strength touch a double digit figure.Impact on wo men and childrenIn Bangladesh, of total 143.91 gazillion population, 69.81 million are women, reflecting 48.5 per cent of totalpopulation. About 86 per cent of women in Bangladesh active in ag lightic areas. Between 2005 and 2006, total female parturiencyforce accounts for 12.1 million, of them 2.8 million sleep together in the urban area darn 9.3 million in the artless area.In rural areas, they take part in economical activities and earn income by dint of cattle rearing, gardening, poultry etc.About 80 per cent of workers in total labour force are women in the RMG field. They work at a low station of wagewhile 26 per cent of female workers earn less thanTk3000 only. exclusively 3.7 per cent of female workers earn morethanTk 5,000. With the low income and rising price of essentials, it has break very trying for these women to provide their families with the basic destinys.1. Increasing prices of pabulums squinchs the veritable income of households thereby rationing spending on childrens schooling. This as a final result is likely to reduce the literacy rate among girls in near future. The evidences suggest that in Bangladesh, it is the female children who are commencement exercisely taken out of schools if the family is in pecuniary setback. 2. As education, skills and knowledge influence womens status in the fraternity and at home, they loose their bargaining power thereby their ability to take part in the finding making process shrink eventually. 3. There is a greater disparity in keep intake among men and women. Men consume more nutrients than women. The female members in households especially in rural areas take their meals after their male members and children. Studies suggest that it is oneof the main reasons of early childhood malnutrition.4. Moreover there are many former(a) factors that weed be attributed to the maternal nutritional factors, for example, low birth burthen of infants, infant mortality etc. 5. In fresh days the rise in the price of ball up regimens has made it difficult for households to provide theirchildren with necessitate nutrition. This is evident even among the kernel income groups. According to a brass report, the prices of baby aliment and powdered milk let risen by 30 to 38 per cent over theyear 2006 and 2007. The inability of families to provide proper nutrition for the children may result in undernourishment of children which contributes to increasing child mortality.6. In Bangladesh, women are subject to violence in the alliance. Due to rise in the price of forage and an some other(prenominal) essentials, as income of the family falls, tension rises within households and the women are often subject to violence by the male members of the family. 7. It is a viridity phenomenon that women take the role to provide nutrition and nourishment to the members of family by musical arrangement and preparing food. As a result, they chip in to remain the lading of rise in the price of food.Inflation erodes income of the poorOne obvious consequence of inflation is the erosion of legitimate income of the mess resulting from the general increasein prices. The burden of income loss, however, differs across unalike income groups. No doubt, the householdgroups who are employed in the formal heavens and whose salaries/wages are fixed in nominal terms and are re-fixed boundically are the worst sufferers. The comparable is true for those employees in the informal sector who hurt incomefixed in nominal terms. In Bangladesh, a major(ip) concern, however, is the inflation-induced loss of f factual income ofthe poor.Food Inflation Raises Poverty and InequalityFood inflation has a pro build nexus with poverty and inequality. Food inflation hits the poor hardest since their purchasing power falling offs due to the erosion in latest income. From the economics theory, when the actual wage decreases demand for labor increases. Therefore, the employment should risesince there is a tradeoffbetween inflation and unemployment. The result depends on whether the employment effect of inflation outweighs the real wage effect on poverty. But theBangladesh empirical selective information indicates that the real wage effect on poverty outweighs the employment effect of inflation There exists a positive relationship between food inflation and poverty. . guess on miserliness & InvestmentExcess inflat ion has its prejudicial impact on savings and enthronization. Impact on savings has its direct reflection in the area of embellishment. Investment, both(prenominal) domestic and remote, is essential for Bangladesh and it is beta for growth and economic victimization.Affect on invertorsAn unfavorable and unpredictable campaign of inflation often creates lack of confidence among the investors. Many potential investments face bleak prospect and avoid the game of facing risk and uncertainty.Affect on bank& other financial intermediaryInflation has its implications for the banking sector as well. Both for the banks and their customers inflation causes a reshuffle in the work of activities. aims of recreate offered by the banks seem less attractive to the depositors. lodge lending has also a great role in the economy. In recent eld there is an increasing trend of providing consumer credit by the banks. It will add to the demand slope. But if its contribution to the supplysid e delays weak there will be alack of counterpoise and the bankingindustry will face repugn. Other saving lending channels also face the same consequences from supply side to handle their investment demand.Affect on money supplyThe challenge of central bank is to balance between growth and inflation. High inflation al sorts put central bank under pressure to take contractionary pecuniary polity that might reduce growth.Mainly the people of middle class and poor are greatly affected by the high inflation rate. A underdeveloped clownish like Bangladesh turn in higher inflation rate. It creates poor more poor and higher class of the society more higher.2. Causes of InflationIn create countries, in contrast, inflation is not a purely pecuniary phenomenon, but is often linked with pecuniary imbalances and deficiencies in sound internal economic policies. Beside, factors typically related to financial imbalances such as higher money growth and substitution rate depreciation arising from a balance of payments crisis dominate the inflation process in developing countries. There were different schools of thought as to the causes of inflation.A. Quality theories of inflationThe quality theory of inflation rests on the expectation of a marketer accepting currency to be able to exchange that currency at a afterward time for goods that are desirable as a buyer. The bar theory of inflation rests on the quantity equation of money that relates the money supply, its velocity, and the nominal value of exchanges. Adam Smith and David Hume proposed a quantity theory of inflation for money, and a quality theory of inflation for ware After analyzing two theories of causes we possess got here roughly physical cause to face which cover both theories depending on a number of factors. These are given below-B. Excess of moneyInflation can happen when governments scratch an excess of money to survey with a crisis. As result, prices end up rising at an extremely high speed to keep up with the currency surplus. This is called the demand-pull, in which prices are forced upwards because of a high demand. C. Rise in fruit cost some other common cause of inflation is a rise in production costs, which leads to an increase in the price of the final product. For example, if rawmaterials increase in price, this leads to the cost of production increasing, which in turn leads to the company increasing prices to contain steady kale? Rising labor costs can also lead to inflation. As workers demand wage increases, companies usually chose to pass on those costs to their customers. D. internationalistic lending & national debtInflation can also be caused by international lending and national debts. As nations borrow money, they have to deal with interests, which in the end cause prices to rise as a way of keeping up with their debts. A deep drop of the exchange rate can also result in inflationas governments will have to deal with differences in the impo rt/export level. E. government taxesFinally, inflation can be caused by federal taxes put on consumer products such as cigarettes or burn. As the taxes rise, suppliers often pass on the burden to the consumer the catch, however, is that once prices have increase, they rarely go back, even if the taxes are later reduced.F. struggleWars are often causing for inflation, as governments must both recoup the money spent and repay the funds borrowed from the central bank. War often affects everything from international trading to labor costs to product demand, so in the end it always produces a rising prices.3. Measures of Inflation consentThere are trine measures to control the inflation.They are usual polity of The administration range Action Measures of The GovernmentOther Measures1. General polity of the GovernmentGovernment follows iii general policies to control the inflation such as monetary Policy financial PolicyPolicy of wrong Ceilinga. Fiscal PolicyIf the governme nt charges more tax on the goods then the particular products price will also be high. We will face price inflation.To Summarized issues relating to Deficit BudgetFinanced by foreign assistance is dependence and uncertain,Financing by popular, not inflationary, adoption from commercial banks not inflationary.Borrowing from Bangladesh depone is inflationaryCharacteristics of Fiscal dodging in BangladeshFalling/Tax/gross domestic product ratio,Tax base is narrow, sureness of indirect tax,Customs + VAT (import) 50% of total tax threatened to external fluctuationsGrowth in Non- reading expenditureHeavy dependence on Foreign AidDependence on Deficit FinancingNo Far-sightednessb. Monetary PolicyMonetary indemnity is the main macro-economic constitution speculate and implemented by the central bank. Bangladesh Bank has the authority to increase or decrease the volume of money in the economy and therefore, is responsible for formulating and implementing the financial policy for the c ountry. The wheel of development moves by taking forces from this policy. The aim of monetary policy is to keep inflation low and steady. though, in a developing country like Bangladesh, the effectualness of monetary policies is always uncertain, but effectiveness of these policies is treated as signal for policy makers.The Central Bank is the highest authority employed by the government for formulation of monetary policy to croak the economy in a certain country. Monetary policy is define as the regulation of the money supply and interest organise by a central bank. Monetary policy also refers to how the central bank uses interest range and the money supply to guide economic growth by controlling inflation and stabilizing currency. Like any other central bank, Bangladesh Bank is performing the role to formulate monetary policy in Bangladesh. The main objectives of monetary policy ofBangladesh Bank are bell stability both internal & external Sustainable growth & development H igh employment Economic and efficient use of resources Stability of financial & payment systemSteps of the Monetary PolicyRestriction of broad money growth pathAdjustment in cash conquer ratio (CRR)Statutory liquidity requirements (SLR)Restriction in the capital accountsObjectives of the Monetary PolicyThe promotion of price stabilitygross domestic product GrowthEnsuring overflowing or near full employmentSupporting national and globular economic and financial stabilityC. Policy of expenditure Ceiling harm ceiling is a government policy whereby the government sets the maximum price of a product above which price is not allowed to rise further. unremarkably in a inflationary situation when prices will constantly be going high and high and tending to be going beyond the means of common people. Then government will implement price ceiling policy in order to protect the interest of the customers.Price Ceiling ControlGovernment must have to be jell to supply the postulate quantit y of goods from its own production land and give product at its early gived price as per the requirement if any. Government will have to be ready to import the demand quantity of goods under its own mechanism and distribute the product in the market accordingly. Government can ask the private entrepreneurs to import the required quantity of goods under their own management by offering them just about attractive benefit packages such as decrease rate of interest, disappoint import cost, decrease tariff, non-stop support. Government can urge the countrymen to set up import substituteindustry with some attractive incentive schemes and can have the supply of required products for a long time basis. Government can supply the required quantity of goods from buffer stock created sooner by the government and sell the product in the market accordingly.2. Direct Action Measure It is an extreme measure. If the money supply increases, then to reduce inflation, Government can cease the mo ney.3. Other Measure*Moral persuation convince the consumer by the national leaders morally. They convince the public to consume less. *Government can urge the country man to restrict the consumerism. *Government can urge the business people to set the product at a reasonable price and restrict to sell at a high price.Limitation In case of elastic demand such as baby food, that is not controlled by the consumer.4. Effects of InflationAll people will not be affected by inflation in the same way. Some will welcome it. Some people becomes untune and some acts indifferent. For the business people it will motive the entrepreneure and it is a good news for the producers. People who earn much, inflation is not a enigma but who earn poor , they will be very much affected and their product consuming amount will be decreasing.General EffectAn increase in the general level of prices implies a decrease in the purchasing power of the currency. That is, when the general level of prices rises, each monetary unit buys fewer goods and services. Increases in the price level (inflation) erode the real value of money (the functional currency) and other items with an underlying monetary reputation (e.g. loans and bonds). For example if one takes a loan where the stated interest rate is 6% and the inflation rate is at 3%, the real interest rate that one are paying for the loan is 3%. It would also hold true that if one had a loan at a fixed interest rate of 6% and the inflation rate jumped to 20%one would have a real interest rate of -14%. ostracize EffectHigh or unpredictable inflation rates are regarded as harmful to an overall economy. They add inefficiencies in the market, and make it difficult for companies to budget or plan long-term. Inflation can act as a drag on productivity as companies are forced to shift resources away from products and services in order to focus on profit and losses from currency inflation. Uncertainty about the future purchasing power of money dis courages investment and saving and inflation can trim down hidden tax increases. In case of international trade, higher inflation in one economy than another will cause the first economys exports to become more expensive and affect the balance of trade.Positive EffectPositive effects include ensuring central banks can adjust nominal interest rates (intended to mitigate recessions), and encouraging investment in non-monetary capital projects. It puts impact on Labor-market adjustments, Room to maneuver, Mundell-Tobin effect, Instability with Deflation etc.5. Global Scenario of InflationAs an important worldwide phenomenon, worldwide inflation varies generally, owing to the trend components of inflation as well as due the fluctuations arising in the frequencies of the commercial cycles. In 2013, the rate of worldwide inflation is surprisingly low. Global economic prospects have breakd, but the bumpy recovery and reorient macroeconomic policy mix in advanced economies are compli cating policymaking in emerging market economies. Inflation was remarkably stable in the ignite of the Great Recession and, in fact, has become less responsive to cyclic stipulates. Todays fast-growing, dynamic low-income countries are likely to maintain their nerve impulse and avoid the reversals that afflicted many such countries in the past.Inflation expectations have remained crockedly anchored to inflation targets during the Great Recession and the sluggish recovery. Long-term inflation expectations in advanced economies remain virtually to targets despite wide strain in actual inflation rates. Even in Japan, expectations remain close to the1 per centum target announced in February 2012 despite a prolonged period of deflation. Furthermore, coincident with greater central bank credibility, this anchoring is found to have increased over time. In the figure bellow the inflation rate of emerging, developed and BRIC countries are graphically shownIn 2013, we have seen that, southwestern Sudan has the lowest inflation rate and Syria has the highest. In southerly Sudan, current inflation rate is -2.90 which was -8.80 in the antecedent year. The highest and the lowest inflation rates in the history of this country were 79.90 and -14.00 respectively. On the other hand, in Syria current inflation rate is 49.50 which was 49.90 in the previous year. The highest and the lowest inflation rates in the history of this country were 79.90 and -11.95 respectively.6. Inflation in BangladeshThe Gross Domestic production (GDP) in Bangladesh grow 6.01 per centum in the fiscal year 2012/2013 from the previous year. GDP Growth Rate in Bangladesh is reported by the Bangladesh Bank. From 1994 until 2013, Bangladesh GDP Growth Rate median(a)d 5.6 share make an all-time high of 6.7 Percent in June of 2011 and a insert low of 4.1 Percent in June of 1994. Bangladesh is considered as a developing economy. Yet, al or so one-third of Bangladeshs 150m people live in extre me poverty. In the last decade, the country has recorded GDP growth rates above 5 percent due to development of microcredit and dress industry.Although three fifths of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector, three quarters of exports revenues come from producing ready-made garments. The biggest obstacles to sustainable development in Bangladesh are overpopulation, poor infrastructure, corruption, political instability and a slow implementation of economic reforms. This page provides Bangladesh GDP Growth Rate actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news. 2014-04-05Historical Trend AnalysisThe government introduced policy and institutional reforms encompassing the fiscal, financial, exchange rate, trade and industry, public resourcemanagement and public enterprise sectors. But some of those measures were not strongly pursued and some of the intended structural reforms were postponed. Monetary control in the initial years had appositive impact on the control of inflation. The regarded decision are taken below-To increase investible funds with the banks, the minimum cash reserve requirement and statutory liquidity requirement were reduced gradually from 8 and 23 per cent respectively on 25 April 1991 to 5 and 20 per cent respectively. This decision has reduced the inflation rate. In 1991 the lending rate was 14.99 which was high during 1992 but then it started tobe reduced at 14.39 (1993) and 12.22 at 1995. With the flexible use of the monetary instruments, broad money growth (Money fork out) was brought down from high rates of growth (14.1 percent) in the mid-1992to 10.6 per cent in June 1993 to reduce the rate of inflation. In the year 1995 government was thinking to increase the money supply which was brought to 16 percent for that reason inflation rate increased In the year 1995 government was thinking to increase the total domestic credit which was brought to 17.6 percent from 4.9 percent (1994). Fo r this reason the inflation rate increased.In the year 1995 government liberalized quote to the private sectors in fiscal year1995 by reducing lending rates including those in the three selected sectors of agriculture, exports, and small and cottage Industries had to be restrained due to the rise in price levels. For this reason inflation rate has increased With a view to ensuring an adequate flow of finance to productive sectors and to boosting economic activity, Bank ratewas gradually take downed from 9.8 per cent on30 June 1990 to 5.5 per cent on 3 March 1994 to control the inflation rate. On 24 March 1994 Bangladesh recognized the Article VIII obligations of the International Monetary Fund, a commitment to declare its currency convertible for current account legal proceeding and liberalize exchange transactions on current account. Foreign exchange controls, which had constrained transactions for a longtime, were lifted for the bulk of current account transactions. An interba nk foreign exchange market has been established. The exchange rate policy is being managed flexibly so as to avoid appreciation of the real exchange rate and to maintain macroeconomic stability.Moderate economic growth and modest change in the wage great power contributed to the relatively lowrate of inflation (i.e., dismantle than 5 per cent) in 1990-1994. high money supply growth and demoralize deposit rate in FY95 contributed to the comparatively higher inflation rates in 1995. In 1996 the lending rate was 13.41 which were accelerated to 14.16 in 1999. Supply shortages in the rural areas originating from political instability in FY96 and disruption due to floods in 1998 caused serious shortfall of food and also hampered all other agricultural production, which ultimately caused higher inflation rates in1996, 1998 & 1999. A lower growth rate, because of lower production and relatively higher depreciation of the exchange rate due to food imports, also contributed to the higher inflation rate in the flood affected years. Larger depreciation of the exchange rate has accelerated the inflation rate 2.79(2002) to 4.38 (2004). Exchange rate might have played a significant role in causing inflation in 2005-2006 because of the introduction of flexible exchange rate regime since whitethorn 2003.A higher growth of money supply (13.84 at 2004 to 19.51 at 2006) added a lot to inflation in 2005-2006 In 2001 the lending rate was 13.75 which were lowered to 10.93 in 2005. In 2001-2006 high inflation in food (more than 5 percent) sector at international market was so much responsible for the fluctuation of inflation. Typically import occupies a significant place in the Bangladesh economy, accounting for as high as above 20 percent or more of GDP in FY06. At the margin, most of the essential food items (for example, sugar, rice, wheat, onion and edible crude oil) and, more generally, machineries, intermediate goods and raw materials used in production are imported. Cost of imports can, therefore, be evaluate to have substantial influence on domestic inflation (during 2001-2006) instanter ( by means of final goods) or indirectly (through intermediate goods). Unfair cartel among the suppliers might seriously hamper the course of the economy by engendering inflation via the humans of a false supply shortage even during a period of robust growth in production. Such an undesirable event allegedly occurred in FY06 when the food inflation remained high (7.76 percent) in the same fiscal year despite the growth in food production (4.49 percent8 vis--vis 2.21percent in FY05).Monopolistic control of several food items such as sugar, onion, pulses and edible oil by market syndication seems to have led this situation.9Obviously such usance is a type of supply side disturbance. Inflation has emerged as a worldwide phenomenon in recent months largely reflecting theimpact of higher food (The IMF food price index was 44.4 percent at June 2008)and fuel prices and strong demand conditions especially in the emerging economies. In line with orbicular trends, Bangladesh also experienced rising inflation with the 12-month average CPI inflation touching 9.94 percent in June 2008. In the fiscal year 2009, worldwide oil price has shifted upward dramatically so fast.So that the price of fuel & power has driven very sharp impact on our economy by increasing the price of Industrial product and reduces the railroad siding of industry. Though our government has taken needed initiatives to minimize the inflation rate but they have failed up to the expectation. In the fiscal year 2010, international food price has shifted upward dramatically so fast. So that the price of food has driven very sharp impact on our economy. Though the inflation has decreased to a reasonable rate (5.4 percent), the price of food is beyond to the normal people. Because of the insufficiency of credit to productive sectors it is unable to invest money in productive sectors whereas the money are using in less productive sectors which causes a high rate of inflation.The inflation rate in Bangladesh was recorded at 7.44 percent in February of 2014. Inflation Rate in Bangladesh is reported by the Bangladesh authority of Statistics. The general point-to-point inflation rate slightly rose to 7.48 percent in March from 7.44 percent in February 2014 compared to 7.71 percent in March 2013.Inflation Rate in Bangladesh averaged 6.63 Percent from 1994 until 2014, reaching an all-time high of 12.71 Percent in December of 1998 and a record low of -0.02 Percent in December of 1996. In Bangladesh, the inflation rate measures a broad rise or fall in prices that consumers pay for a standard basket of goods. This page provides Bangladesh Inflation Rate actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.According to Asian Development Bank growth moderated last year, inflation declined, and the current account returned a larger su rplus. This year, growth will slip again, reflecting slower refinement in exports, falling worker remittances, and political upheaval before parliamentary elections. Higher inflation and a modest current account deficit are evaluate. The garment industry faces challenges in adopting tough compliance and safety standards. Growth should improve in the spare-time activity year, but a major boost will come only with ramped up investment in infrastructure. Economic implementationAs officially estimated, gross domestic product (GDP) in Fiscal Year 2013 (ended 30 June 2013) grew by 6.0%, less than the 6.2% recorded in FY2012. factory farm growth slipped to 2.2% from 3.1% in FY2012 as crop output was held down by higher input costs, lower output prices, and unfavorable weather. Services growth slowed to 5.7% from the previous years 6.0% owing to stagnant imports and ordinary hartals (political demonstrations) that break up supply chains and affected retail and wholesale trade. Indus try growth rose slightly to 9.0% from 8.9% in FY2012, with contributions from construction and small-scale manufacturing.Economic prospectsThe forecasts for FY2014 and FY2015 rest on several assumptions Political stability will be restored following the January 2014 national elections, improving consumer and investor confidence. The central bank will be watchful, in line with the January 2014 monetary policy statement, to keep inflation in cut back while helping direct steady credit flows to the private sector. electricity and fuel prices will be raised to lower subsidy costs. It will be possible to mobilize more foreign financing, thus change government bank borrowing. Food grain and oil prices will remain stable on the international market. And the weather is normal. GDP growth is expected to slow to 5.6% in FY2014, owing to a decline in remittances (which have been equivalent to about 15% of private consumption spending) and as export growth tapers off in the flood tide month s.Domestic demand was blue in the first half of the year because the prolonged political unrest ahead of parliamentary elections in January 2014 dented consumer and investor confidence. This is reflected in lower private credit growth, a decline in imports of consumer goods and capital machinery, and modest growth in imports of raw materials. Growth is expected to rebound to 6.2% in FY2015, aided by higher remittance and export growth, as well as by prospects for continued economic recovery in the US and the euro area. A likely rise in consumer and investor confidence as the political situation stabilizes is also expected to stimulate demand and strengthen growth momentum. rise ADB. 2014. Asian Development Outlook 2014. Manila.Effects of Inflation in Bangladeshi miserlinessInflation, which some economists have dubbed as the cruelest tax of all, is eroding purchasing power of consumers, especially the fixed and low income groups of people in net commodity importing countries, ar ound the world. Following the persistent high-inflation regimes in the late 1970s and early1980s (largely due to two oil shocks), inflation rates have varied an average of two to three percent in the industrialized countries and fell to single-digit levels in many developing countries since the 1990s.1 It is wide viewed that globalization has had a positive impact on prices for over one and a half decade by heightening emulation both on the demand and supply side. However, the specter of inflation has once again become a major concern for central bankers and policy makers around the world, as many countries have been experiencing high inflation largely owing to a notable increase in commodity prices. The prices of cereals, vegetable oil products, edible oil, and metals are skyrocketing in the international markets in recent years. Consequently, the commodity price indices have shown an upward trend latelyA widely discussed plausible cause of high inflation in Bangladesh is the imp act of global price hike. As a food and petroleum importing country, Bangladesh has to bear the brunt of global price hike of these items. Since the beginning of the current decade and up to 2008 global prices of fuel and food followed an increasing trend which got transmitted into the countrys domestic economy. There has been some respite from high inflationary pressure towards the end of 2008 and 2009 due to the global meltdown and the resultant price fall of major commodities in the global market. With the turn round of the global Economy from the recession towards the end of 2009 and beginning of 2010, inflation started to shoot up. This trend was also observed in Bangladesh. The major source of high inflation in Bangladesh is high food inflation.The reason behind this assumption is that food carries a large weight in the CPI of Bangladesh. The weight of food items in the CPI commodity basket of Bangladesh is as high as 58.8 per cent of which the share of rice is 20.1 per cent. Hence the rise in food inflation affects the overall inflation significantly. Based on BBS data, it has been estimated that the contribution of rice inflation to the overall inflation was 23.41 per cent in FY 2011-12. Inflation appears to have emerged as a permanent phenomenon in the economic landscape of Bangladesh over the recent past. It has started to increase since the second quarter of FY2009-10 and continued to rise throughout FY2009-10 and FY2010-11. During the first three months of FY2011-12 there has not been any change in the direction ofinflationary movements. The 12-month point to point consumer price index (CPI) inflation has reached as high as 11.97 percent in kinfolk 2011 compared to 7.61 per cent in September 2010. This is the highest inflation in last one decade. As in most years, food inflation was higher than general inflation. Food inflation reached to 13.75 per cent in September 2011 as contrasted to 9.72 per cent in September 2010.High food inflation had a knock on effect on non-food inflation as well, pushing it upward to settle at 8.77 percent in September 2011 from as low as 3.69 per cent in September 2010. In Bangladesh the average inflation (general) in FY 2000 was 1.94% while it is found 9.76% in FY 2011. But during these years changes in inflation did not follow any monotonic pattern. Bangladesh faces a tougher challenge in bringing down burgeoning inflation. The latest Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) data shows that inflation had increased to 11.97 % (on point-to-point or monthly count) in September, the highest in 10 years. Food inflation, which was 12.7 per cent in August, had increased to 13.90 % in September while food inflation in urban areas had increased to 14.69 % in the same month from 12.94 % in August. The data on inflation reveal that inflation in Bangladesh is influenced by food and fuel prices.Higher food and fuel prices obviously affect inflation rate. The recent declining trend in food and non-food inflat ion may be explained by the decline in global commodity prices like petroleum, rice, pulses, onion, edible oil and other food items and higher domestic production of food due to favorable weather condition and some effective measures taken by the Government which included conducting pay market operation, exemption of duties on essential commodities, sufficient import of food grains, strengthening of internal procurement and its supply, expansion of subsidies on fuel and fertilizer and widening of social safety net program etc. Another feature of recent inflation in Bangladesh is that rural food inflation has been closer to urban food inflation which was not the case in Bangladesh till August 2010.The likely causes for high rural inflation could be increasing demand due to higher purchasing power of the rural population through rising agricultural production, higher labor wages, expanded social safety net program and inflow of remittances. If compared with other South Asian countri es Bangladesh stands second, next to Pakistan, in terms of the record of inflation rate in the region. Despite higher food price in the internationalmarket, India has been able to keep its food price index down through higher production of major crops and by ensuring adequate supply in the domestic market. Pakistan epitomizes the case of a conflict economy with a high inflation rate and a very low growth rate.Higher food prices exert an upward pressure on inflation in particular in South Asian countries where such prices account for a major proportion of the inflation basket. High inflation is a major challenge in South Asia, where inflation has been in double digits in recent years and was 10.9 per cent in 2010. Some deceleration in inflation to 8.4 per cent is estimated in 2011. As inflation affects the poor disproportionately, it is a major cause of concern. High budget deficits in general are causing inflation.A few factors are believed to have contributed to the ongoing inflat ionary pressures in Bangladesh. The price hike of fuel and non-fuel commodities in the international markets is widely darned for the current inflation. The depreciation in the countrys currency unit, the BDT against its major trading partners, the expansion of M3 and credit have also played a part in raising prices. Bangladesh faced two major immanent disasters (summer floods and cyclone Sidr) in 2007 which damaged standing crops, among others, and escalated food prices. The current caretaker governments drives against corruption have exacerbated the problem. Last but not least, Bangladesh is not self-sufficient in terms of food production and the country has had a long history of food problems, if not crises. Moreover, in recent years, growth in the agriculture sector has been sluggish.Current indications show that commodity prices in the international market are likely to rise during the coming months of FY12. With greater global economic integration, inflation in Bangladesh is more open now than before to external pressures coming from outside the country. The reasons lie in many factors including high import dependence, increased global pressure of excess demand, weak productivity growth in the domestic economy, and persistence of significant structural and institutional rigidities. The last inflation episode that Bangladesh faced was not policy induced, but was fueled more by domestic supply shocks and global price hikes.But the current buildup of inflationary pressure can partly be attributed to the liquidity expansionthat took place in the first half of FY12. With rapid buildup of net foreign assets (NFA) and in the absence of sterilization, liquidity expansion has created some pressure specially in asset markets (stock and real estate markets) and in non-food prices. These issues need more explicit consideration in Bangladesh Banks monetary policy response along with clear signals for the future.Conclusion2013 is over but the application and conse quences of inflation are not over yet for the millions of people of Bangladesh. 2013 is a year of political disasters, with record level political violence and frequent abuses of human rights in Bangladesh. At the same time inflation has added as another disaster in the lives of millions of people. High inflation is never good for the economy, let alone the millions of working people of the country. Most of the people country are straightaway experiencing the blunts of high inflation, but these people are the majority and the vital forces of the economy of the country.ReferencesEconomic Review of Bangladesh (www.mof.gob)Paul A. Samuelson & W.D. Nordhaus EconomicsE. Mansfield Microeconomics speculation and ApplicationJohn Sloman EconomicsAkhtaruzzaman, Md. Inflation in the Open Economy An Application of the Error Correction Approach to the Recent Experience in Bangladesh, Working wallpaper Series, WP 0602 (2005), Policy Analysis Unit (PAU), Research Department, Bangladesh Bank.Ban gladesh Bureau of Statistics. home(a) Accounts Statistics of Bangladesh (Revised Estimates, 1989-90 to 1998-99), Strengthening National Accounts and Poverty Monitoring Project (SNAPMP), National Accounting Wing (NAW), BBS,Ministry of Planning Statistics Division (2000).Wikipedia (https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)Bhattacharaya, D. Bangladesh Economy Macroeconomic Performance, mimeo, midpoint for Policy Dialogue, Dhaka (2004). Available at www.cpd-bangladesh.org (access date 1, December 2005).Bruno, M. and W. Easterly. Inflation Crises and Long-Run Growth, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 1517 (1995).Khan, M. S. and A. S. Senhadji. Threshold Effects in the Relationship between Inflation and Growth, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 48, No. 1 (2001).Tobin, J. Money and Economic Growth, Econometrica, 33 (1965), pp. 671-684.

Freud, Jung, & Adler

designation One Jeremie William Edwards PSY/250 Elaine Parks Assign workforcet Two Freud, Jung, and Adler be commonly referred to as the stupefys of modern Psychology. The common chord both(prenominal) men spent much clipping delving into why people act and think the ways which they do. Freuds psycho analytical burn down tells us that the serviceman psyche consists of three different parts that father us to our fancys and actions the Ego, Super-Ego, and the Id (direct Latin translation is the it). Adler was at differences with Freud in this separation of these three parts.Adler believed that the Ego, Super-Ego, and the Id were not separated exactly viewed as a whole He believed that it was more important to look at the entire picture instead than trying to separate these parts, as Freud would. Jung and Freud had a difference on ad hominem motivation that drives each of us. Freud believed that all human motivation was energizeually based, where Jung thought that every s oul suffered from a type of inferiority complex. I displace agree with portions from all of the doctors and their theories.I believe that there is a elicitual connotation to most everything that people do, whether it is off-right or hidden in context. I potful also see where most everyone suffers from some type of inferiority complex. either psyche fag end admit to be lacking in some area in which they would rather excel. As far as Jung and his laissez faire on the other hand, I believe this to be lacking in substance. His thoughts on humans being social creatures and the influence that our surroundings consecrate on us are quite valid.I also believe that we do have an Id or a primal instinct inside of us, but that Id is not in conflict with our Ego and Super-Ego. These three parts establish in unison to drive us and propel each of us into becoming better people yet not letting us forget from where we originate. Sigmund Freud had a five stage surmisal on human soulfulne ssality development. The five stages in order are Oral/Dependency, anal/Potty Training, Phallic, Latency Period, and Genital. The Oral stage is from the time of birth up to ab disclose two years old.This stage talks of breastfeeding and how a person can develop an oral fixation if weaned too primal from the teat. An oral fixation can manifest in the forms of smoking, eating, or drinking. The spot stage, Anal, is where the squirt is learning to use a toilet properly. The child uses the anal sphincter as a means of maintaining control of the web site. For example, if a child does not want to learn how to use the toilet they may carry on their feces or defecate in places or at generation that are seen as inappropriate. These actions will allow the child to perceive that they are still in control of the situation.Under this understanding is where Freud believes that a person can develop obsessive compulsive disorder or dreams of spinning out of control and the person left trying to get everything back in order. The Phallic stage is the third stage of Freuds. This stage is from the ages of three to five, this is the time where a child starts to become more aware of the differences between men and women. This time frame is when a person can develop an Oedipus or Electra complex, depending on the gender of the person. What this entails is the child becoming jealous of the same sex parent.For boys this would present because of the child wanting a relationship with the mother that the father has, this scenario in turn makes the boy child adopt the acts and mannerisms of the father in order to live vicariously through him in this relationship. For a fille child, she is jealous of the mother and wants the fathers penis (penis envy). The fourth strain is a latency period where no real advancement is made. The last-place stage of Freuds five stages is the Genital stage. The Genital stage starts roughly the age of 12 and ends in the peak of puberty.This stage is a reawakening of a persons sexual interest. In this stage a person will start to feel sexual attraction towards the opposite sex (the writer does not know about homosexuality in this theory as of yet). The urges and needs are to pleasure the genitals and a class of coming of age, or growing up. Freud had many different defense mechanisms. The three we will be looking at are Denial, Rationalization, and Repression. Denial is a fairly self-explanatory defense it is when a person argues with the reality of what has real happened. E. G.When a woman has been raped she must deal with an extraordinary situation which she had no choice in. Some women face this reality with denying that it ever genuinely happened. Rationalization is a bit different in a person will fabricate a truth rather than facing what the evident truth is. Say a person gets fired from a built in bed he/she may claim that it is because they refused to kiss up to the boss when in reality it was because of a lack in pe rformance. Repression is when a person forces something out of memory, often a person will repress memories of child abuse.

Carrie Chapter Fourteen

They leave, she tell. I set it up. it wont raze be close. Why do they keep applauding? Whats going on in at that place?Dont ask me, babe.The give instruction song suddenly roa expiration extinct, full and strong on the soft whitethorn air, and Chris jumped as if stung. A soft gasp of surprise escaped her each(prenominal)(a) rise for Thomas Ewen Hiiiiyyygh. . .Go on, he said. Theyre at that place. His look glowed softly in the dark. The odd half-grin had touched his features.She licked her lips. They both sta ruby at the length of jute cord.We will raise your banners to the skyyyyyShut up, she whispered. She was trembling, and he thought that her body had never looked so lush or exciting. When this was oer he was going to have her until t prohibited ensemble(prenominal) other time shed been had was wish strong two pumps with a fags illumetle finger. He was going on her like a raw cob through and through howeverter.No guts, babe?He leaned forward. I wont tress it for you , babe. It can mount at that place till bell freezes.With pride we wear the red and whiiyyyteA sudden smothered sound that might have been a bacchanal came from her m verbotenh, and she leaned forward and pulled idlely on the cord with both hands. It came loose with decompress for a act, making her think that Billy had been having her on completely this time, that the lasso was attached to nonhing but thin air. so it snubbed tight, held for a second, and so came through her palm harshly, going away a thin burn.she began.The music at foot came to a jangling, discordant halt For a moment ragged You go on oblivious, and wherefore they stopped. Then was a beat of silence, and thus manyone screamed. secrecy again.They stared at each other in the dark, rigid by the veridical act as thought never could have done. Her very soupcon processed to glass in her throat.Then, in approachs, the caperter began.It was ten twenty-five, and the feeling had been adhere worse and worse. accomplish stood in preceding of the gas range on one foot, waiting for the milk to begin steaming so she could knock downward(a) in the Nestles. Twice she had begun to go upstairs and prepare on a iniquitygown and twice she had stopped, drawn for no reason at in all to the kitchen window that looked down Brickyard Hill and the spiral of thoroughfare 6 that led into town.Now, as the whistle mounted atop the town student residence on Main Street suddenly began to shriek into the night, and falling in cycles of dismay, she did not evert immediately to the window, but precisely tamed the estrus oft under(a) the milk so it would not burn.The town dormitory room whistle went off every(prenominal) day at twelve high noon and that was all, except to call the volunteer fire de areament during grass-fire season in August and September. It was strictly for major disasters and its sound was dreamy and terrifying in the empty house.She went to the window, but slowly. The shrieking of the whistle rose and leave out, rose and fell. whateverwhere, horns were root to blast, as if for a wedding. She could forecast her reflection in the darkened glass, lips parted, eyes wide, and then(prenominal) the condensation of her breath obscured it.A memory, half-forgotten, came to her. As children in grammar give instruction, they had skilled air-raid drills. When the teacher clapped her hands and said, The town whistle is blo offstage, you were supposed to weirdy under your desk and put your hands everyplace your head and wait, either for the all-clear or for oppositeness missiles to blow you to powder. Now, in her mind, as clearly as a ruffle pressed in plastic,(the town whistle is blowing)she heard the words go in her mindFar below, to the left, where the high instill parking cont intercept was the ring of sodium are lamps make it a sure landmark, although the school building itself was invisible in the dark -a spark glowed as if matinee idol ha s struck a flint-and-steel.(thats whew the oil tankfuls are)The spark hesitated, then bloomed orange. Now you could wait the school, and it was on fire.She was al commemoratey on her direction to the closet to get her application when the first dull, booming explosion shook the floor under her feet and made her mothers china rattle in the cupboards.From We Survived the Black Prom, by Norma Watson (Published in the August, 1980, output of The Readers Digest as a Drama in Real Life article) and it happened so quickly that no one really knew what was happening. We were all standing and applauding and render the school song. Then I was at the ushers table ripe inside the of import doors, looking at the stage there was a blaze as the big lights oer the stage apron reflected on something metallic. I was standing with Tina Blake and Stella Horan, and I think they power saw it, too.All at at a time there was a huge red splash in the air. Some of it hit the mural and ran in long drips. I knew right away, even before it hit them, that it was line. Stella Horan thought it was headstone, but I had a premonition, just like the time my brother got hit by a convert truck.They were drenched. Carrie got it the worst. She looked exactly like she had been dipped in a bucket of red paint. She just sat there. She never moved. The band that was closest to the stage, Josie and the moonglows, got splattered. The lead guitar player had a white instrument, and it splattered all over it.I record My God, thats bloodWhen I said that, Tina screamed. It was very loud, and it rang out clearly in the auditorium.People had stopped singing and everything was completely quiet. I couldnt move. I was grow to the spot. I looked up and there were two buckets dangling high over the thrones, swinging and banging together. They were lock away dripping. All of a sudden they fell, with a lot of loose string paying out behind them. oneness of them hit Tommy Ross on the head. It made a very loud noise, like a gong.That made someone laugh. I dont know who it was, but it wasnt the way a person laughs when they we something funny and gay. It was raw and hysterical and awful.At the selfsame(prenominal) instant, Carrie rudeed her eyes wide.That was when they all started laughing. I did too. God help me. It was so weird.When I was a little girl I had a Walt Disney storybook called var. of the South, and it had that Uncle Remus story about the tarbaby in it. There was a picture of the tarbaby school term in the middle of the road, looking like one of those old-time negro minstrels with the blackface and great white eyes. When Carrie opened her eyes it was like that. They were the only part of her that wasnt completely red. And the light had gotten in them and made them glassy. God help me, but she looked for all the world like Eddie Cantor doing that pop-eyed act of his.That was what made passel laugh. We couldnt help it. It was one of those things where you laugh or go crazy. Carrie had been the butt of every joke for so long, and we all felt that we were part of something special that night It was as if we were watching a person rejoin the human race, and I for one thanked the Lord for it. And that happened. That horror.And so there was nothing else to do. It was either laugh or cry, and who could bring himself to cry over Carrie after all those years?She just sat there, staring out at them, and the laughter unbroken swelling, getting louder and louder. People were retentivity their bellies and doubling up and pointing at her. Tommy was the only one who wasnt looking at her. He was sort of slumped over in his seat as if lied gone to sleep. You couldnt tell he was hurt, though he was splashed, too bad.And then her face broke, I dont know how else to list it. She put her hands up to her face and halfstaggered to her feet. She almost got tangled in her own feet and fell over, and that made people laugh even more(prenominal). Then she so rt of hopped off the stage. It was like watching a big red frog hopping off a lily pad. She almost fell again, but unploughed on her feet.Miss Desjardin came rail over to her, and she wasnt laughing any more. She was retentivity out her arms to her. just now then she veered off and hit the hem in beside the stage It was the strangest thing. She didnt stumble or anything. It was as if someone had pushed her, but there was no one there.Carrie ran through the crowd with her hands clutching her face, and somebody put his foot out. I dont know who it was, but she went sprawling on her face. leaving a long red streak on the floor. And she said, Ooof I call back that. It made me laugh even harder, hearing Carrie say Oof like that. She started to crawl along the floor and then she got up and ran out. She ran right past me. You could tonus the blood. It comprehended like something sick and rotted.She went down the stairs two at a time and then out the doors. And was gone.The laught er just sort of listless off, a little at a time. Some people were still hitching and snorting. Lennie Brock had taken out a big white handkerchief and was wiping his eyes. offer McManus looked all white, like she was going to throw up, but she was still giggling and she couldnt depend to stop. Billy Bosnan was just standing there with his little conductors stick in his hand and shaking his head. Mr Lublin was sitting by Miss Desjardin and calling for a Kleenex. She had a bloody nose.You have to understand that all this happened in no more than two minutes. zippo could put it all together. We were stunned. Some of them were planetal round, talking a little, but not much. Helen Shyres burst into tears, and that made some of the others start up.Then someone emit Call a affect Hey, call a doctor quickIt was Josie Vreck. He was up on the stage, kneeling by Tommy Ross, and his face was white as paper. He tried to pick him up, and the throne fell over and Tommy rolled on to the f loor.Nobody moved. They were all just staring. I felt like I was frozen in ice. My God, was all I could think. My God, my God, my God. And then this other thought crept in, and it was as if it wasnt my own at all. I was thinking about Carrie. And about God. It was all twisted up together, and it was awful.Stella looked over at me and said Carries back. And I said Yea, thats right.The lobby doors all slammed shut. The sound was like hands clapping. Somebody in the back screamed, and that started the stampede. They ran for the doors in a rush. I just stood there, not accept it. And when I looked, just before the first of them got there and started to push, I saw Carrie looking in, her face all smeared, like an Indian with war paint on.She was smiling.They were pushing at the doors, hammering on them, but they wouldnt budge. As more of them crowded up to them, I could see the first ones to get there being battered against. them, grunting and wheezing. They wouldnt open, and those door s are never locked. Its a state law.Mr Stephens and Mr Lublin waded in, and began to pull them away, grabbing jackets, shorts, anything. They were all screaming and burrowing like cattle. Mr Stephens slapped a couple of girls and punched Vic Mooney in the eye. They were scream for them to go out the back fire doors. Some did. Those were the ones who lived.Thats when it started to rain at least, thats what I thought it was at first. There was water falling all over the place. I looked up and all the sprinklers were on, all over the gym. water was hitting the basketball court and splashing. Josie Vreck was yelling for the guys in his band to turn off the electric amps and mikes quick, but they were all gone. He jumped down from the stage.The panic at the doors stopped. People backed away, looking up at the ceiling. I heard somebody Don Farnham, I think-say This is gonna wreck the basketball court.A few other people started to go over and look at Tommy Ross. All at once I knew I wa nted to get out of there. I took Tina Blakes hand and said, Lets run. Quick.To get to the fire doors, you had to go down a short corridor to the left of the stage. There were sprinklers there too, but they werent on. And the doors were open I could see a few people running out. But most of them were just standing around in little groups, flaming(a) at each other. Some of them were looking at the smear of blood where Carrie fell down, the water was washing it away.I took Tinas hand and started to pull her toward the fit sign. At that same instant there was a huge bald-faced of fight, a scream, and a horrible feedback whine. I looked around and saw Josie Vreck holding on to one of the mike stands. He couldnt let go. His eyes were bugging out and his hair was on end and it looked like he was dancing. His feet were sliding around in the water and smoke started to come out of his shirt.He fell over on one of the amps they were big ones, five or sise feet high and it fell into the water. The feedback went up to a scream that was head-splitting, and then there was another sizzling flash and it stopped. Josies shirt was on fire.Run Tina yelled at me. Come on, Norma, PleaseWe ran out into the hallway, and something exploded backstage the main power switches, I guess. For just a second I looked back. You could see right out on to the stage, where Tommys body was, because the curtain was up. All the soggy light cables were in the air, flowing and jerking and writhing like snakes out of an Indian fakirs basket. Then one of them pulled in two. There was a violent flash when it hit the water, and then everybody was screaming at once.Then we were out the door and running across the parking lot. I think I was screaming. I dont remember very well. I dont remember anything very well after they started screaming. After those high-voltage cables hit that water-covered floor For Tommy Ross, age eighteen, the end came fleetly and mercifully and almost without pain.He was never even alive(predicate) that something of importance was happening. There was a clanging, clashing noise that he associated momently with(there go the milk buckets)a childhood memory of his Uncle Galens farm and then with(somebody dropped something)the band below him. He caught a glimpse of Josie Vreck looking over his head(what have i got a halo or something)and then the quarter-full bucket of blood struck him. The raised lip along the bottom of the rim struck him on top of the head and(hey that hurt)he went swiftly down into unconsciousness. He was still sprawled on the stage when the fire originating in the electrical equipment of Josie and the Moonglows spread to the mural of the Venetian boatman, and then to the rat warren of old uniforms, books, and papers backstage and overhead.He was dead when the oil tank exploded a half hour later.From the New England AP ticker, 1046 P.M.CHAMBERLAIN, MAINE (AP)A zeal IS RAGING OUT OF CONTROL AT EWEN (U-WIN) consolidated HIGH SCHOOL AT THIS TIME. A SCHOOL DANCE WAS IN PROGRESS AT THE TIME OF THE OUTBREAK WHICH IS BELIEVED TO slang BEENELECTRICAL IN ORIGIN. WITNESSES vocalize THAT THE SCHOOLS SPRINKLER SYSTEM WENT ON WITHOUT WARNING, CAUSING A SHORT-CIRCUIT IN THE EQUIPMENT OF A ROCK BAND. SOME WITNESSES ALSO REPORT BREAKS IN MAIN provide CABLES. IT IS BELIEVED THAT AS MANY AS hotshot HUNDRED AND TEN PERSONS whitethorn BE TRAPPED IN THE BLAZING SCHOOL GYMNASIUM. chivy flake EQUIPMENT FROM THE NEIGHBOURING TOWNS OF WESTOVER, MOTTON, AND LEWISTON take REPORTEDLY RECEIVED REQUESTS FOR ASSISTANCE AND ARE NOW OR SHORTLY WILL BE EN ROUTE. AS YET, NO CASUALTIES HAVE BEEN REPORTED. ENDS.1046 Pm MAY 27 6904D APFrom the New England AP ticker, 1122 P.M.URGENTCHAMBERLAIN, MAINE (AP)A TREMENDOUS EXPLOSION HAS ROCKED THOMAS EWIN (U-WIN) fused HIGH SCHOOL IN THE SMALL MAINE TOWN OF CHAMBERLAIN. THREE CHAMBERLAIN FIRE TRUCKS, DISPATCHED EARLIER TO FIGHT A BLAZE AT THE GYMNASIUM WHERE A SCHOOL amble WAS TAKING PLACE, H AVE ARRIVED TO NO AVAIL. ALL FIRE HYDRANTS IN THE AREA HAVE BEEN VANDALIZED, AND WATER PRESSURE FROM CITY MAINS IN THE AREA FROM SPRING STREET TO GRASS PLAZA IS REPORTED TO BE NIL. ONE FIRE OFFICIAL SAID. THE DAMN THINGS WERE STRIPPED OF THEIR NOZZLES, THEY MUST HAVE SPOUTED LIKE GUSHERS WHILE THOSE KIDS WERE BURNING. THREE BODIES HAVE BEEN RECOVERED SO FAR. ONE HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED AS THOMAS B. MEARS, A CHAMBERLAIN FIREMAN. THE TWO OTHERS WERE APPARENT PROM GOERS. THREE MORE CHAMBERLAIN FIREMEN HAVE BEEN TAKEN TO MOTTON RECEIVING HOSPITAL SUFFERING FROM tike BURNS AND SMOKE INHALATION. IT IS BELIEVED THAT THE EXPLOSION OCCURRED WHEN THE FIRE REACHED THE SCHOOLS FUEL-OIL TANKS, WHICH ARE SITUATED skinny THE GYMNASIUM. THE FIRE ITSELF IS BELIEVED TO HAVE STARTED IN POORLY INSULATED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOLLOWING A SPRINKLER SYSTEM MALFUNCTION. ENDS.1122 PM MAY 27 70119E APSue had only a drivers permit, but she took the keys to her mothers car from the pegboard beside the refrigerato r and ran to the store. The kitchen clock read exactly 1100.She flooded the car on her first try, and squeeze herself to wait before trying again. This time the motor coughed and caught, and she roared out of the garage heedlessly, dinging one fender. She turned around, and the rear wheels splurted gravel. Her mothers 77 Plymouth swerved on to the road, almost fishtailing on to the berm and making her feel sick to her stomach. It was only at this point that she cognise she was moaning deep in her throat, like an animal in a trap.She did not pause at the stop sign that marked the intersection of Route 6 and the Back Chamberlain Road. Fire sirens filled the night in the cast, where Chamberlain ring Westover, and from the south behind herMotton.She was almost at the base of the hill when the school exploded.She jammed on the power brakes with both feet and was thrown into the guidance wheel like a rag doll. The tyres wailed on the pavement. Somehow she fumbled the door open and w as out, shading her eyes against the glare.A gout of flame had ripped skyward, tracking a nimbus of fluttering steel roof panels, wood, and paper. The smell was thick-skulled and oily. Main Street was lit as if by a flashgun. In that terrible hallway between seconds, she saw that the entire gymnasium wing of Ewen High was a gutted, flaming ruin.Concussion struck a moment later, knocking her backwards. Road litter blew past her on a sudden and tremendous rush, along with a blast of warm air that reminded her fleetingly of(the smell of subways)a trip she had taken to Boston the year before. The windows of Bills Home pharmaceutics and the Kelly Fruit Company jingled and fell inward.She had fallen on her side, and the fire lit the street with hellish noonday. What happened next happened in slow motion as her mind ran steadily onward(dead are they all dead carrie wherefore think carrie)at its own clip. Cars were rushing toward the scene, and some people were running in robes, nightsh orts, pyjamas. She saw a man come out of the front door of Chamberlains combined police station and courthouse. He was pathetic slowly. The cars were moving slowly. Even the people running were moving slowly.She saw the man on the police-station steps cup his hands around his mouth and scream something unclear over the shrieking town whistle, the fire sirens, the monster-mouth of fire. Sounded likeHeyret Dont hey that assThe street was all wet down there. The light danced on the water Down by Teddys Amoco station.-hey, thats-And then the world exploded.From the sworn testimony of Thomas K. Quillan, taken before The nominate Investigatory Board of Maine in connection with the events of May 27-28 in Chamberlain, Maine (abridged recital which follows is from Black Prom The White Commission Report, Signet Books New York, 1980)Q. Mr Quillan, are you a resident of Chamberlain?A. Yes.

Business Torts and Product Liability

The scope of product indebtedness usually exposes the manuf telephone numberurers, sellers, product designers or licensres to the sphre of the legal actions. Here the word product is not only express the finished or final products but it covers the supplimentary items which is intimately associated to consumer expectations . Moreover, the term produt saftey earth-closet be a interrupt of a product, which is related, with each kind of kitchen range of distribution. The fictionalizationrs and other entities involved with market argon liable for the products, which are wrong in nature .The distributors, dealers, retailers, representatives and employers endure also brought in to the action if their products are turned to be defective. The American common law adopted the pattern of strict indebtedness at a lower place consumer perspectives in early 1960s. They began to adopt the sentiment that the sellers should bear the cost of injuries or defects in their products as they are in the best position to distinguish the risks associated with their products. The American law institutes call for the assorted state law departments to recapitulate the developments in strict obligation in Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts in 1977.However, it happens that the defenadnts may undergo acidulous facets of the torts and action for their unwitting act or ommission. The courts of modern times also provide the sellers the indisputable liability for their defective products without the negligence or charge on the part of the seller. (1) For such victims the rules and judgements may appear too harsh but the true(a) culprits desreves so. 1. Restatement (Third) of Torts products liability, 1999 strain Torts and fruit Liability 2Introduction He can excuse himself by showing that the escape was owing to plaintiffs default but as nothing of this sort exists here, it si surplus to inquire to what excuse would be sufficient. Blackburn J Generally i n that respect are cases that where a defaulter can be held responsible for an injury eve where no negligence or evil intent can be shown. The doctrine of strict liability imposes legal responsibility for injuries sustained by or be shake of an actors conduct, whether or not the actor used conjectural compassionate and regardless of the actors state of discernment.Strict liability cases are limited to indisputable narrowly-defined areas of the law, including products liability, ultrahazardous activities, tutelage of animals and certain statutory offenses. However, the question arises whether such liability and the sermon against the alleged wrong doer is too hurtful or not. To go this, firstly, we shall discuss the scope of the torts and product liability in buisiness. Buisiness torts and product liabilityThe general principle is that, seller of any defective product which is immoderately dangerous to the user or consumer, is subject to liability for physical harm thitherby ca-cad to the ultimate user or consumer or to his property, if the product is anticipate to and does reach the user or consumer, without substantial change in the presumption in which it is sold. (Restatement (Second) of Torts, 1977)(1). It does not matter that the seller has exercised all possible care in the preparation and sale of his product and the user or 1. Sec. 402A of Restatement (Second) of Torts, 1977 Business Torts and carrefour Liability 3 consumer has not bought the product from or entered into any contractual relation with the seller. In Rylands Vs Fletcher,(2) the court found that even if the suspect was not negligent or rather, even if the defendant did not by design cause the harm or he was careful, he could still be made liable. The defendant may excuse himself by showing that the situation was owing to the plaintiffs default or that was the consequence of vis major(ip) or the act of good.The liability arises not because there was ant fault or negligence on the part of persons, but because he kept such defective products and the same was caused approximately sort of personal disparage to another. The liability of the defective products was well explained in the famous case Donogue Vs Stevenson (3) as, a person who is for gain engages in the business of manufacturing articles of food and drink intend for consumption by members of the public in the form he issues them, is under a craft to shell out care in the manufacture of these articles. That duty must be to whom he intends to consume his products.The law has enumerated a play of rules to provide maximam penalty to the wrongdoers for his misconduct regarding the products. .whether this way of gauging the act and ommissions of the wrongdoers for their product liability is justifiable or not? Are they undergoing unkind treatment than they deserve? Whether the treatment under product liability is harsh or not Recently in the case, Wyeth vs. Levine (4) the Vermont Supreme Court 2. Rylands Vs Fletcher (1868) L. R 3 H. L 330 3.Donogue Vs Stevenson 1932 AC 562 (HL) (Sc) 4. Wyeth vs. Levine, Pharmaseutical industry Today, News, 22 Nov 2008 Business Torts and Product Liability 4 confirmed a nearly $6. 8 meg product liability claim against Wyeth because the companys FDA-approved warning label on anti-nausea medicate Phenergan only cautioned physicians about a quick-injection method. The injection caused the palintiffs vena nicked and caused gangrene in an arm that eventually led to amputation. Here, it can be accepted that defendant faced the consequences because of his negative conduct to the consumers.Still there is a question arises about the magnitude of the penalty usually provides in such cases. The fact is that such liability causes negative impact on the day-to-day conduct of buisiness also. The product liability always compel the the manufacturers to interiorise the cost of the product. When the manufacturer assigned all the liabilities for the inju ries caused, he is forced to take account all the harms caused and this may lead the manufacturer unable to realize from producing the product Due to strict deceit of law in various(a) manners, the manufacturer may not produce the socially optimal take of goods.Under such conditions the manufacturer cannot pass on the economic be to the consumers as insurance as the most of the consumers are highly equipment casualty sensitive. This may harm the production of the products and complete removal from the market. Apart from this, there is a pass off of instituting high-level substantial higher transaction be due to the high-level apllication and the sucsequent penalty of the product liability. Moreover, this causes lowering the consumer surplus from these transactions. (Miller,Goldberg ,2004)(5) 5. Miller, C. J, Goldberg, R. S (September 30, 2004) Product liability, 2 discrepancy newspaper Oxford University Press, USA ISBN-13 978-019825678 Business Torts and Product Liability 5 Some times the damage may cause due to the default of the palintiff . The palitiff may misuse the product. Moreover, there is a chance that the product has been altered and modified by the palintiff without the knowledge of the manufacturer.The defects may cause due to the conduct of the third party who is neither defendants servant nor does the defendant have any control over him. Or else there is a chance of the product is being manufactured or designed according to the industry custom and standards and government standards related to the manufacture and design. In such cases there is no point in treating the defendant with a extreme penalty. (6)(Salmond, 1996) The cases like Fardon Vs harcourt Rivingston (7) and Glosgow Corp. Vs Muir (8) clearly laid down the priniciple regading the minimising the liability of the wrong doer under such circumstances..If the possibility of the incident uphill is only a mere possibility which could never occur to the mind of eth reasonable man ,t here is no negligence in not having taken extraordinary precautions. People must guard against reasonable probablities but they are not bound to guard against fantastic possibilities. Conclusion Since the product liability is the legal responsibility of manufacturers and sellers to buyers, users and bystanders for damages or injuries suffered, the strict liability of these sections are firmly observed. However, a manufacturer of a product cannot be considered the commanding guarantor of its products safety.It can be said that there is a utilitarian - 6. Salmond, Heuston (1996) , Law of Torts, , p443 publisher Sweet & Maxwell 21Rev Ed edition (24 Oct 1996) ISBN-13 978-0421533509 7. Fardon Vs harcourt Rivingston (1932) 146 L. T 391 8. Glosgow Corp. Vs Muir ((1943) A. C 488 principle revolved under the imposition of such liability. Because the people determined to cling to the responsible persons for their actions even though there is no negligence on their part.Because there are som e derivation of benefits likes improved products, safety and accountability, which is generally, prevail over the burden on the defendant in strict liability proceedings. So in such cases in order to fulfill the public policy of minimizing the injury, it is more reasonable to introduce the burden of finding and correcting such dangers upon the manufacturer rather than taking away the defective products from the consumer. ********************************** References 1. Faegre & Benson, 2003 UK Trade and Investment, US product liability law, Nov. 20032. Kubasek, Nancy K. Browne, Neil M. Giampetro-Meyer, Barkacs, Linda, Andrea Herron, Dan propellent Business law (January 4, 2008) McGraw-Hill ISBN 0073524913 / 9780073524917 3. Miller, C. J, Goldberg, R. S (September 30, 2004) Product liability, 2 edition Publisher Oxford University Press, USA ISBN-13 978-0198256786 4. Restatement (second) of Torts products liability, 1977 5. Restatement (Third) of Torts products liability, 1999 6. Salmond, Heuston (1996) , Law of Torts, , p443 publisher Sweet & Maxwell 21Rev Ed edition (24 Oct 1996) ISBN-13 978-0421533509

“Optimal Versus Naive Diversification: How Inefficient Is the 1/N Portfolio Strategy” †a Critique

Optimal Versus Naive variegation How Inefficient Is The 1/N Portfolio Strategy A Critique en epithet The title of the stem Optimal Versus Naive Diversification How Inefficient Is The 1/N Portfolio Strategy has been reasonably well phrased.However, it can be argued that the title is a little misleading as the principal objective of the paper is to test how efficient different optimal diversification strategies ar utilize the 1/N portfolio strategy as the benchmark and not to discipline and elucidate the merits of the 1/N strategy, which the authors be certainly neither advocating for practical(a) purposes nor seemingly seeking to foster greater intellectual attention on the simplistic strategy. The title could have simply been How Efficient Really argon Todays Optimal Diversification Strategies? But, care has to be taken before coming to the above resultant that the authors competency have appreciably so, intentionally used the title they have in order to pass further atte ntion to their paper by stressing the obvious irony and realistic iconoclasm in their conclusions. Abstract The abstract has been very well written. It captures the essence of the shoot and conveys the crux of it lucidly to the reader. However, it would have augured better to start the abstract by stating the objective of the discipline in addition to it being menti atomic number 53d in the textual matter of the article just as the authors have.That way, the abstract would have had greater clarity. penury The inherent pauperization behind the study is laud fit and the implied motivation derived from the conclusion is obvious. However, the motivation itself has unfortunately not been sufficiently expressed. Apart from a one- objurgate objective, nothing else has been explicitly written about why the study was undertaken. There is one some other sentence, which could be construed as the motivation. But, the authors themselves have not given the sentence the same attribute. The sentence itself is a reference to a revious study that ready that many investors used the 1/N diversification strategy ignoring some(prenominal) other sophisticated theoretical models and is stated to only justify their utilization of the 1/N diversification strategy as the benchmark. It could have been exposit upon with additional related facts and further evidence supported by literature. Also, a separate paragraph with a heading called Motivation would be loveable to the readers. Introduction The topic covered by the article has been adequately introduced. The design description of the various plus allocation models and how they are related to severally other is commendable.The introduction has alike carefully introduced the methodology, the observations and the results and the conclusions in a synthetic and concise manner such that readers might understand the study by just reading this part. However, the literature on the Bayesian and non-Bayesian approaches has on ly been before long mentioned in one paragraph. Considering how significant the contribution of the stated articles to the current study might be, it would have only been fitting to include a contribution called Literature Review elaborating on them substantially more than the authors have.That way, they could have been able to make a clearer connection on how the previous studies relate to the motivation and methodology of their study. However, it should be notable that word limits might have been a constraint. In addition, the introduction must be a definite persona that is called Introduction. Methodology The authors have adopted a robust methodology to evaluate the performance of the diversification strategies discussed. They have been explained in great distributor point with sufficient appendices in an easily understandable format.There is not much range for improvement in the methodology and the authors must be greatly appreciated for it. Data The data has been obtained from highly reliable sources, thereby implying that there is just any margin for error in the data. No bias or subjectivity is evident. The data has been properly classified and well presented. Results With well-defined methodology and credible sources, the results of the study are factually accurate even though it can be argued that conclusions from the same are a function of their recitation just as in every other study. However, there is a drawback concerning the same.The authors have only limited themselves to comparing the performance of models of optimal asset allocation that consider moments of asset returns and not other characteristics of the assets. The authors could have include a section within the discussion of their results in which they could have compared their results with that of other similar studies, even if they involved the analysis of fewer diversification strategies, and desire to establish a reasoning behind how the possible differences between the result s of the studies might be related to variations in their respective methodologies or data.They could have also sought to describe how their study and the underlying methodology have helped have the best previous voids in relevant literature. It might have even been well(predicate) to express why their study is more accurate and hence top-flight to the others if they did think so. In case the study was known, to their knowledge to be new and unrelated to any comparative study of portfolio diversification strategies, it should have been explicitly stated as the reason why the above-said was not done.But, it has to be noted that the authors have indeed done the above-said, but only with respect to twain of their important assumptions, i. e. , Brandt et al (2007)s approach to constructing the optimal portfolio using cross-sectional characteristics of equity returns and the dynamic asset allocation models of Campbell and Viciera (1999 2001) and Campbell et al (2003). Conclusions Th e conclusions of the study are definitely iconoclastic and have huge repercussions for the research community.It points out how uneconomical the numerous theoretical models that have been developed on portfolio diversification are clearly indicates that an enormous amount of research has to be undertaken to address this solid shortcoming. The conclusions have been expressed concisely and the limitations of the study have been stated. Their recommendation on the direction for further research is well thought out and reassert by their findings and is hence highly commendable.

Organizational psychology Essay

Im likely to be actuate most by individualal harvest-feast factors. This is understandable for a person who seeks personal fulfillment and development. Im achievement oriented and dedicate a preference for an fire and challenging job. However, all other factors pass awayn(p) to name environment be also authorised to me. There be several formal theories of pauperism that help me to increase my own productivity and motivate my colleagues.The two-factor theory divides factors that affect employee performance and productivity into two openhanded categories, namely penury factors (encompassing factors link to cheer and work content) and hygiene factors (those related to dissatisfaction and work conditions). The focus in the organization should be on enhancing employee motivation to the extent that it provides opportunities for (a) achievement, (b) recognition, (c) responsibility, (d) advancement, and (e) growth in competence.According to the two-factor model, both satisfi ers and dissatisfiers atomic number 18 of jimmy to a person that ranks factors related to the content of work (e. g. recognition and chances to advance) as high as factors related to work conditions (e. g. friendly co-workers and flexible schedule). For me, retort and recognition are less important than the nature of a job. sensible needs are less important for me than personal satisfaction or clients approval. The most applicable theory in my case is Goal conniption Theory.Goal Setting Theory is the most critically acclaimed theory of motivation. It argues that individuals are motivated to achieve coatings they set, and the strength of their motivation depends on terminal specificity, goal difficulty, and commitment and feedback. Other moderating factors include self-efficacy of an employee and task manifoldity. My perception of difficulty of achieving a goal might be too subjective and my trustingness on feedback might be less than by other employees, notwithstanding Im very result-driven and challenged by complex yet interesting tasks.My motivation is influenced by the difficulty of goals (such as ensuring high customer satisfaction ratings on big projects were there are many stakeholders), yet goals measure (excitement from working on a specific type of project delivering fair results rather than cash influx) is more important. My superiors have recognized that it is important to give me freedom in choosing projects Im motivated to work on and allow me to set my own objectives and performance measures. My high appreciation of liberty and power also suggest that I am more trenchant as an individual worker than a police squad player.This is yet another(prenominal) reason why Goal Setting Theory is appropriate for my motivation it has been argued that workers with higher self-efficacy are more effective in personal goal setting and fulfillment. However, this does not mean that I dont range team spirit as a means of motivating my co-workers. O ur callers motto is Lets Build Something Together. Therefore, encouraging teamwork is wholeness of the ways to increase motivation and productivity. Our management succeeded in gathering and ontogeny an outstanding crew by applying several important principles of group work management which I also follow.I foster group ropiness by a variety of methods and believed that sound preparation, ego less teamwork, and authentic strategizing are the inherent components of success. In my view, the emphasis should have been on team performance rather than individual performance. People, management, and psychology are three important aspects of teamwork. The emphasis on continuous learning makes it possible to stay ahead. When skills and acquaintance of all group members combine in a way that exceeds the score of knowledge of all individual members, the synergy effect can be observed, i. . the system as a whole has certain qualities its elements do not have.Therefore, it is of paramoun t importance to pay attentive to group cohesion so that exceptional results can be achieved with limited human resources available in each organization. Group decision making means not and working to achieve better solutions but also promote growth of community and trust. Group decision making ensures much higher train of member satisfaction and motivation. Greater commitment is also among important advantages of group decision making.Open, collaborative atmosphere ensures contribution from all levels and no domination, deterrence or judgment from the boss. Participation in problem solving increases word meaning some even argue that a lower-quality solution that has wide adoption can be more effective than a higher-quality solution that lacks acceptance. Its possible to conclude that Im motivated by complex yet interesting tasks, while teamwork and group decision making are the tools I use to motivate others.